Table 3.
The list of various biosensors used for norovirus detection.
| Sensing Technique | Matrix Material | Sample | Assay Duration | Linear Range | LOD | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPR | Polyacrylate beads | Strawberries and milk | 15 min | N/A | up to 10 units/mL | [152] |
| SERS- ICG | Colloidal gold | Centrifuged fecal specimen |
~15 min | 3~150 ng /mL | 0.5 ng/mL | [153] |
| Plasmonic biosensor | AuNP | NoV capsid protein and HuNoV | - | 10~105 copies/mL | 0.1 ng/mL NoV and 9.9 copies/mL HuNoV | [101] |
| Naked-eye biosensor | Polyhedral Cu nanoshell deposited AuNP | Stool | 10 min | 2.7 × 103~2.7 × 105 copies | 2700 copies | [154] |
Abbreviations: Human norovirus (HuNoV); surface plasmon resonance (SPR); surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS); immunochromatography (ICG); gold (AU); carbon nanotubes (CNT); norovirus-like particles (NoV VLPs); magnetic nanoparticle (MNP); gold nanoparticle (AuNP); quantum dots (QD).