. 2022 Jul 21;10(7):1760. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10071760

Table 1.

CSF biomarkers for individual groups of neurodegenerative diseases.

CSF Biomarker		α-Synucleinopathies				Tauopathies					Prion Diseases
		Lewy Body Diseases				“Primary Tauopathies” FTLD-Tau				Non-Tau FTLD
	AD	PD	PDD	DLB	MSA	FTD	Pick’s Disease	PSP	CBD	TDP-43 Proteinopathies
α-synuclein (t-α-syn)		+	+	+	+
o-α-syn		+		+
p-α-syn		+
o-α-syn/t-α-syn		+
tau protein (t-tau)	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
p-tau	+	+	+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+
t-tau/p-tau						+					+
t-tau/α-synuclein				+
Aβ₄₂	+	+	+	+		+	+	+		+
Aβ₄₀	+			+
Aβ₄₂/Aβ₄₀	+		+	+
t-tau/Aβ₄₂	+					+
p-tau/Aβ₄₂	+			+		+
NFL	+	+			+	+		+	+		+
NFH									+
14-3-3 protein											+
t-tau/14-3-3											+
TDP-43						+				+	+
pTDP-43						+				+
TDP-43/Aβ₄₂	+									+
dopamine/DOPAC		+				+
UCH-L1		+			+			+	+
GBA		+
YKL-40	+	+
VILIP-1	+
TREM2	+
DJ-1	+	+			+
SNAP25	+
BACE1	+
neurogranin	+
chromatogranin A		+			+
cystatin C	+
clusterin	+	+	+	+	+
progranulin						+				+
DPRs						+				+
GFAP	+	+
MCP-1	+
miRNA		+
HVA		+

This table summarizes elementary CSF biomarkers for main groups of neurodegenerative diseases; “+” symbol denotes usable markers for individual ND that directly characterize a disease or assist in their mutual distinction. Other shown biomarkers without a symbol do not have any significant clinical use in diagnostics of the given disease. t-α-syn—total α-synuclein; o-α-syn—oligomeric form of α-synuclein; p-α-syn—phosphorylated form of α-synuclein; t-tau—total tau protein; p-tau—phosphorylated tau protein; Aß42—amyloid beta, hyperphosphorylated isoform 42; Aß40—amyloid beta, hyperphosphorylated isoform 40; NFL—neurofilament light chains; NFH—neurofilament heavy chains; TDP-43—TAR DNA-binding protein 43; pTDP43—phosphorylated TAR DNA-binding protein 43; DOPAC—dihydroxyphenyl acetate; UCH-L1—ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase-L1; GBA—β-glucocerebrosidase; YKL-40—chitinase-3-like protein 1; VILIP-1—visinin-like protein 1; TREM2—myeloid cells 2; DJ-1—Daisuke-Junko-1; SNAP25—synaptosomal associated protein; BACE1—β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1; DPRs—Dipeptide repeat proteins; GFAP—Glial fibrillary acidic protein; MCP-1—Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; miRNA—microRNA; HVA—homovanillic acid.