meta <- metacont(N.MCI_St, Mean.MCI_St, SD.MCI_St, N.MCI_AD, Mean.MCI_AD, SD.MCI_AD,

sm=“SMD”, data=data, studlab=paste(Author, Year))

## Warning in metacont(N.MCI_St, Mean.MCI_St, SD.MCI_St, N.MCI_AD, Mean.MCI_AD,:

## Note, studies with non-positive values for n.e and / or n.c get no weight in

## meta-analysis.

meta$label.e <- “MCI_St”

meta$label.c <- “MCI_AD”

print(meta, digits=2)

## SMD 95%-CI %W(fixed) %W(random)

## Bjerke 2009 -5.68 [-6.76; -4.60] 0.7 3.8

## Mattsson 2009 -0.97 [-1.14; -0.81] 29.1 4.9

## Hertze 2010 -1.07 [-1.44; -0.70] 5.5 4.8

## Palmqvist 2012 -0.97 [-1.36; -0.58] 5.0 4.8

## Spencer 2019 -0.60 [-0.90; -0.30] 8.4 4.8

## Hansson 2006 -1.40 [-1.81; -0.98] 4.4 4.7

## Hansson 2007 1.03 [ 0.63; 1.43] 4.8 4.8

## Hampel 2004 0.79 [ 0.22; 1.36] 2.3 4.6

## Herukka 2007 -1.05 [-1.53; -0.57] 3.3 4.7

## Lanari 2009 -2.39 [-3.16; -1.63] 1.3 4.3

## Papaliagkas 2009 1.09 [ 0.15; 2.04] 0.8 4.0

## Eckerstrom 2010 1.26 [ 0.50; 2.02] 1.3 4.3

## Kester 2011 0.93 [ 0.51; 1.35] 4.3 4.7

## Seppala 2011 -0.59 [-1.18; 0.00] 2.2 4.6

## Buchhave 2012 -1.07 [-1.48; -0.66] 4.5 4.8

## Parnetti 2012 -7.97 [-9.23; -6.70] 0.5 3.5

## Prestia 2013 NA 0.0 0.0

## Leuzy 2015 -0.15 [-0.86; 0.56] 1.5 4.4

## Baldeiras 2018 -0.96 [-1.30; -0.61] 6.3 4.8

## Khoonsari 2019 -1.56 [-2.13; -1.00] 2.3 4.6

## Santangelo 2020 -1.03 [-1.51; -0.55] 3.3 4.7

## Eckerstrom 2020 -1.22 [-1.59; -0.85] 5.6 4.8

## Brys 2009 -1.19 [-1.74; -0.63] 2.5 4.6

##

## Number of studies combined: k = 22

## Number of observations: o = 2603

##

## SMD 95%-CI z p-value

## Fixed effect model -0.80 [-0.89; -0.72] -18.08 < 0.0001

## Random effects model -1.03 [-1.47; -0.59] -4.56 < 0.0001

##

## Quantifying heterogeneity:

## tau^2 = 1.0197; tau = 1.0098; I^2 = 95.6% [94.4%; 96.6%]; H = 4.77 [4.21; 5.40]

##

## Test of heterogeneity:

## Q d.f. p-value

## 477.66 21 < 0.0001

##

## Details on meta-analytical method:

## - Inverse variance method

## - DerSimonian-Laird estimator for tau^2

## - Hedges’ g (bias corrected standardised mean difference)