Table 2.

GASS and UKU scales, events, and validation measures (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, phi correlation coefficient).

Corresponding Items		Side-Effect Present		Concurrent Validity Measures
GASS	UKU	GASS Events (%)	UKU Events (%)	Sens. (%)	Spec. (%)	PPV (%)	NPV (%)	Phi (ϕ)	ϕ Int.
1	Asthenia	69	44	39.3	79.5	71	50.7	0.20	M
2	Sedation	28	25	76	40	79.2	35.7	0.15	W
3	Orthostatic hypotension	27	21	82.3	61.9	89	48.1	0.41	RS
4	Palpitations	41	24	75	91.7	96.6	53.7	0.58	RS
5	Dystonia	34	8	68.5	62.5	95.5	14.7	0.18	W
6	Tremor	41	26	75.7	88.5	94.9	56.1	0.57	RS
7	Akathisia	29	18	79.3	66.7	91.5	41.4	0.39	M
8	Increased salivation	26	3	75.3	66.7	98.6	7.7	0.16	W
9	Hypokinesia	53	24	55.3	79.2	89.4	35.8	0.29	M
10	Hyperkinesia	21	5	78.9	20	94.9	4.8	0.01	N
11	Blurred vision	29	15	74.1	46.7	88.7	24.1	0.16	W
12	Dry mouth	53	42	65.5	78.6	80.9	62.3	0.44	RS
13	Dysuria	22	13	85.1	69.2	94.9	40.9	0.44	RS
14	Nausea/Vomiting	26	15	82.4	73.3	94.6	42.3	0.45	RS
15	Nocturnal enuresis	10	42	98.3	21.4	63.3	90	0.32	M
16	Polyuria/Polydipsia	53	33	58.2	75.8	83	47.2	0.32	M
17	Gynecomastia/Breast pain	9	9	93.4	33.3	93.4	33.3	0.27	M
18	Galactorrhea	2	1	99	100	100	50	0.70	S
19	Sexual dysfunction	30	49	88.2	49	64.3	80	0.41	RS
20	Erectile dysfunction	18	16	91.7	68.8	93.9	61.1	0.58	RS
21	Menstruation changes	4	6	98.9	50	96.9	75	0.59	RS
22	Weight gain	42	33	80.6	87.9	93.1	69	0.65	S

GASS: Glasgow Antipsychotic Side Effect Scale; UKU: Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser side-effects scale; Sens.: sensitivity; Spec.: specificity; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; Int.: interpretation (based on Rea & Parker anchor points [30]).