Table 3.
Median lethal concentrations and 95% confidence intervals (in parentheses) for adult honey bees exposed to common pesticide treatments applied to almonds during blooma
| LC50 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | Slope ± SE | Field application rate (×) | Insecticide a.i. (mg/L) | Fungicide a.i. (mg/L) |
| Independent | ||||
| Mustang Maxx | −1.54 ± 0.17 | 0.51 (0.411–0.617) | 9.1 (7.3–11.0) | – |
| Dyne‐Amic | −3.06 ± 0.32 | 3.05 (2.71–3.40) | – | – |
| Insecticide + fungicide | ||||
| Altacor + Tilt | −2.01 ± 0.13 | 9.70 (8.77–10.64) | 679.0 (614.0–744.6) | 1556.7 (1407.8–1707.1) |
| Altacor + PBO | −1.52 ± 0.22 | 8.32 (6.02–10.62) | 582.4 (421.4–743.4) | 2949.9 (2134.4–3765.3) |
| Pristine + Dyne‐Amic | −1.62 ± 0.30 | 30.65 (21.30–40.01) | – | 2534.4 (1760.9–3308.5) |
| 4989.6 (3466.8–6513.6) | ||||
| + Dyne‐Amic | ||||
| Vangard + Dyne‐Amic | −0.43 ± 0.23 | 1.28E+04 (−4.26E+04 to 6.82E+04) | – | 4.29E+06 (0.00–2.28E+07) |
| Altacor + Tilt + Dyne‐Amic | −0.68 ± 0.06 | 3.41 (2.60–4.22) | 238.7 (182.0–295.3) | 547.3 (417.3–676.9) |
| Altacor + Pristine + Dyne‐Amic | −1.10 ± 0.10 | 5.81 (4.66–6.95) | 406.7 (326.4–486.6) | 480.4 (385.6–574.8) |
| 945.8 (759.1–1131.7) | ||||
| Altacor + Luna Sensation + Dyne‐Amic | −1.13 ± 0.17 | 17.78 (11.94–23.62) | 1244.6 (835.5–1653.2) | 1579.5 (1060.4–2098.1) |
| 1579.5 (1060.4–2098.1) | ||||
aTreatments are organized in brackets by level of complexity. Independent pesticide treatments are in the top bracket, insecticide + fungicide combinations are in the middle bracket, and the bottom bracket includes all previous treatments with the addition of 2% Dyne‐Amic (1×). Slope estimates are reported relative to the field application rate. Median lethal concentrations are represented as multiples of the maximum field application rate and concentration of pesticide active ingredient in milligrams per liter.
LC50 = median lethal concentration; a.i. = active ingredient; PBO = piperonyl butoxide.