. 2022 Mar 8;88(7):3351–3359. doi: 10.1111/bcp.15284

TABLE 1.

ePRaSE risk scoring system adapted from NRLS risk score matrix

Likelihood of occurrence of the prescribing event	Level of harm associated with the prescribing event	Likelihood of harm occurrence
5. Very likely to occur on many occasions (e.g., at least once per month). 4. Likely to occur but not every day (e.g., quarterly) 3. May occur occasionally (e.g., at least annually) 2. Unlikely to occur, but possible (e.g., once every 5 years) 1. Very unlikely to occur (once in a decade/not at all)	5. Catastrophic – Incident causing death 4. Major – Incident that contributed to, but not the direct cause of death 3. Moderate–semi‐permanent harm taking 1 month to 1 year to resolve or requires a hospital stay 2. Minor – Short term harm, less than 1 month or requiring additional monitoring 1. Insignificant – Near miss or no harm to the patient.	5. Very likely to occur on many occasions (e.g., at least once per month) 4. Likely to occur but not every day (e.g., quarterly) 3. May occur occasionally (e.g., at least annually) 2. Unlikely to occur but possible (e.g., once every 5 years) 1. Very unlikely to occur (once in a decade/not at all)

Likelihood of occurrence of the prescribing event

Level of harm associated with the prescribing event

Likelihood of harm occurrence

5. Very likely to occur on many occasions (e.g., at least once per month).

4. Likely to occur but not every day (e.g., quarterly)

3. May occur occasionally (e.g., at least annually)

2. Unlikely to occur, but possible (e.g., once every 5 years)

1. Very unlikely to occur (once in a decade/not at all)

5. Catastrophic – Incident causing death

4. Major – Incident that contributed to, but not the direct cause of death

3. Moderate–semi‐permanent harm taking 1 month to 1 year to resolve or requires a hospital stay

2. Minor – Short term harm, less than 1 month or requiring additional monitoring

1. Insignificant – Near miss or no harm to the patient.

5. Very likely to occur on many occasions (e.g., at least once per month)

4. Likely to occur but not every day (e.g., quarterly)

3. May occur occasionally (e.g., at least annually)

2. Unlikely to occur but possible (e.g., once every 5 years)

1. Very unlikely to occur (once in a decade/not at all)

Risk scores:

Potential risk = likelihood of occurrence of the prescription event (column 1) × level of harm associated with the prescribing event (column 2).

Actual risk = level of harm associated with the prescribing event (column 2) × likelihood of harm occurrence (column 3).