Table 1.
Baseline (t0) characteristics.
| Group (number), chest compress sequence | a (n = 3), MU-WA-GI | b (n = 3), MU-GI-WA | c (n = 3), WA-GI-MU | d (n = 3), WA-MU-GI | e (n = 3), GI-MU-WA | f (n = 3), GI-WA-MU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 23.00 ± 1.00 | 22.67 ± 0.58 | 23.33 ± 2.52 | 27.00 ± 5.00 | 21.67 ± 0.58 | 24.67 ± 6.35 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.24 ± 0.82 | 20.63 ± 0.94 | 19.76 ± 0.99 | 25.22 ± 4.97 | 26.31 ± 6.65 | 20.00 ± 0.74 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 2 (66.67) | 2 (66.67) | 2 (66.67) | 2 (66.67) | 2 (66.67) | 2 (66.67) |
| Skin temperature (IR) (°C) | ||||||
| Posterior trunk | 34.97 ± 0.50 | 35.44 ± 0.42 | 35.59 ± 0.26 | 35.42 ± 0.62 | 34.33 ± 1.58 | 35.69 ± 0.22 |
| Self-perceived warmth (HWPQ) (0 = cold, 4 = hot) | ||||||
| Posterior trunk | 2.33 ± 0.71 | 2.67 ± 0.71 | 2.00 ± 0.71 | 2.33 ± 0.71 | 2.67 ± 1.12 | 2.33 ± 0.71 |
| Anterior trunk | 2.17 ± 0.45 | 2.81 ± 0.27 | 2.22 ± 0.49 | 2.36 ± 0.31 | 2.86 ± 0.72 | 2.36 ± 0.42 |
| Face | 2.78 ± 0.36 | 2.83 ± 0.50 | 2.22 ± 0.44 | 2.39 ± 0.55 | 2.61 ± 1.05 | 2.67 ± 0.35 |
| Hands | 3.11 ± 0.33 | 2.78 ± 0.36 | 2.44 ± 0.46 | 2.56 ± 0.58 | 3.11 ± 0.33 | 2.11 ± 0.78 |
| Feet | 2.50 ± 0.97 | 2.00 ± 0.87 | 2.06 ± 0.63 | 2.28 ± 0.62 | 2.00 ± 1.27 | 1.56 ± 0.73 |
| Overall warmth | 2.78 ± 0.44 | 2.67 ± 0.50 | 2.33 ± 0.50 | 2.33 ± 0.71 | 3.00 ± 0.50 | 2.44 ± 0.53 |
Data are means ± SD if not otherwise indicated. WA, chest compress with warm water only; GI, chest compress with ginger; MU, chest compress with mustard; IR, infrared thermography; HWPQ, Herdecke Warmth Perception Questionnaire.