Table 2. Participant baseline characteristics.
| Study | DM patients/Total patients | Mean age (years) | Males | HTN | Mean BMI (kg/m2) | HbA1c (%) | History of CAD | History of HF | NYHA class of HF | Drugs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CMR | |||||||||||
| Brown et al. (2020)17) | 66/66 (100%) | 65.53 | 38 | 51 | 32.45 | 7.7 | 8 | NR | NR | ACEi (n = 35) ARB (n = 11) beta-blocker (n = 9) | |
| Lee et al. (2020)6) | 82/105 (78.1%) | NR (not specific to DM subgroup) | NR (not specific to DM subgroup) | NR (not specific to DM subgroup) | NR (not specific to DM subgroup) | 7.2 | NR (not specific to DM subgroup) | 105 | II (n = 81) III (n = 24) | ACEi (n = 49) ARB (n = 15) beta-blocker (n = 96) ARNI (n = 36) MRA (n = 63) | |
| Verma et al. (2019)7) | 97/97 (100%) | Cannot be calculated (2 medians) | 90 | 88 | Cannot be calculated (2 medians) | 7.9 (Median) | 97 | 6 | NR | ACEi/ARB (n = 81) beta-blocker (n = 77) | |
| Oldgren et al. (2021)18) | 48/48 (100%) | 64.4 | 25 | 36.48 | NR | 6.7 | 2 | 0 | NR | NR | |
| Singh et al. (2020)20) | 56/56 (100%) | 67.1 | 37 | 40 | 32.5 | 7.7 | 29 | 56 | I (n = 25), II (n = 24), III (n = 7) | ACEi/ARB (n = 50) beta-blocker (n = 46) MRA (n = 23) | |
| Santos-Gallego et al. (2021)15) | 0/84 (0%) | 62 | 54 | 62 | 29.7 | 5.8 | NR | 83 | NR | ACEi/ARB (n = 35) beta-blocker (n = 74) ARNI (n = 36) MRA (n = 28) | |
| Echocardiography | |||||||||||
| de Boer et al. (2020)21) | 124/124 (100%) | All median: Lico 2.5 mg: 70.0 Lico 10 mg: 72.5 Lico 50 mg: 66.0 Empagliflozin 25 mg: 68.5 Placebo: 71.0 | 89 | NR | All median: Lico 2.5 mg: 33.3 Lico 10 mg: 31.9 Lico 50 mg: 32.0 Empagliflozin 25 mg: 31.2 Placebo: 31.3 | NR | NR | 124 | Lico 2.5 mg: II (n = 13), III (n = 2) Lico10 mg: II (n = 14), III (n = 2) Lico 50 mg: II (n = 26), III (n = 3), IV (n = 1) Empagliflozin 25 mg: II (n = 22), III (n = 8) Placebo: II (n = 25), III (n = 8) | ACEi (n = 2) ARB (n = 2) ARNI (n = 1) | |
| Omar et al. (2021)22) | 24/190 (12.6%) | 64 | 162 | 76 | 29 | 5.8 | 103 | 190 | I (n = 12), II (n = 149), III (n = 29) | ACEi/ARB (n = 124) beta-blocker (n = 180) ARNI (n = 58) MRA (n = 125) | |
| Rau et al. (2021)23) | 42/42 (100%) | 62 | 17 | NR | 31.1 | 7.7 | 30 | 18 | NR | Beta-blocker (n = 32) RAAS inhibitors (n = 35) | |
| Eickhoff et al. (2020)24) | 36/40 (90%) | 64 | 32 | NR | 32.8 | 8.9 | 11 | NR | NR | RAAS blockers (n = 40) | |
| Shim et al. (2021)19) | 58/58 (100%) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, ARNI: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor, CAD: coronary artery disease, DM: diabetes mellitus, HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c, HF: heart failure, HTN: hypertension, MRA: mineralocorticoid antagonist, NR: not reported, NYHA: New York Heart Association, RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.