Table 2.
Effect of exercise and insulin on peripheral and central hemodynamics.
| Control | Exercise | P-Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
| 0 min | Δ | 0 min | Δ | C | T | C*T | |
|
| |||||||
| HR (bpm) | 65.0 (9.4) | 10.0 (19.7) | 67.9 (9.5) | −3.1 (11.3) | 0.943 | 0.729 | 0.227 |
| Peripheral | |||||||
| pSBP (mmHg) | 133 (15.9) | −0.8 (11.0) | 127 (10.0) | 6.8 (9.0) | 0.429 | 0.263 | 0.101 |
| pDBP (mmHg) | 83.6 (11.9) | −0.7 (7.4) | 81.3 (10.2) | 1.6 (5.2) | 0.505 | 0.744 | 0.466 |
| pPP (mmHg) | 49.4 (7.2) | −0.1 (6.7) | 45.5 (4.7) | 5.2 (5.9) | 0.530 | 0.170 | 0.032 |
| Central | |||||||
| cSP (mmHg) | 123 (13.5) | −3.5 (12.5) | 116 (10.5) | 5.2 (10.4) | 0.328 | 0.739 | 0.136 |
| cDP (mmHg) | 84.4 (11.8) | −6.6 (25.5) | 82.3 (10.4) | −3.2 (18.2) | 0.852 | 0.486 | 0.375 |
| cPP (mmHg) | 38.3 (4.9) | −3.8 (5.2) | 33.8 (5.8) | 8.4 (16.0) | 0.590 | 0.420 | 0.046 |
| AP (mmHg)^ | 11 (7, 16) | −3.5 (−8, 4) | 8.5 (3, 18) | −1.0 (−7, 4) | 0.106 | 0.020 | 0.576 |
| AIx75 (%)^ | 23 (15, 31) | −3.5 (−14, 8) | 25 (5, 37) | −7.5 (−23, 13) | 0.061 | 0.041 | 0.024 |
| Wave Reflection | |||||||
| Pb (mmHg) | 16.4 (2.2) | −2.0 (3.6) | 13.9 (3.0) | 1.1 (3.8) | 0.179 | 0.615 | 0.077 |
| Pf (mmHg)^ | 27.5 (19, 60) | −0.5 (−34, 2) | 23.5 (21, 33) | 2.5 (−4, 6) | 0.309 | 0.670 | 0.064 |
| RM (%) | 62.0 (9.9) | −5.4 (9.3) | 57.4 (13.3) | 1.0 (11.6) | 0.440 | 0.373 | 0.204 |
| PPA | 1.29 (0.8) | 0.15 (0.2) | 1.36 (0.2) | −0.08 (0.3) | 0.518 | 0.600 | 0.067 |
Data are complete (n=10) for all variables.
^
Non-normally distributed data are presented as median (min, max). All other data are mean (SD). Augmentation index (AIx75); Augmentation pressure (AP); Backward pressure (Pb); Forward pressure (Pf); Heart rate (HR); Peripheral and central diastolic blood pressure (pDBP and cDP); Peripheral and central pulse pressure (pPP and cPP); Peripheral and central systolic blood pressure (pSBP and cSP); Pulse pressure amplification (PPA); Reflection magnitude (RM); Δ = 120–0 min.