Table 3.
T2DM-related PPPM healthcare costs during baseline & follow-up
| Variable | TNFi-experienced patient cohort | tDMARD-naïve patient cohort | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abatacept vs. TNFi | Abatacept vs. other non-TNFi | Abatacept vs. TNFi | Abatacept vs. other non-TNFi | |||||
| Abatacept (N = 2169) | TNFi (N = 2169) | Abatacept (N = 2118) | Other non-TNFi (N = 2118) | Abatacept (N = 2667) | TNFi (N = 2667) | Abatacept (N = 2247) | Other non-TNFi (N = 2247) | |
| Total medical | ||||||||
| Baseline | $572 ($1453) | $569 ($1385) | $633 ($1554) | $633 ($1528) | $794 ($1739) | $781 ($1752) | $836 ($1791) | $794 ($1739) |
| Follow-up | $489 ($1313)* | $594 ($1822)* | $493 ($1338)* | $606 ($1866)* | $590 ($2030) | $609 ($1739) | $598 ($2113)* | $854 ($2371)* |
| Inpatient | ||||||||
| Baseline | $312 ($1042) | $284 ($891) | $357 ($1118) | $337 ($1048) | $422 ($1212) | $412 ($1147) | $446 ($1192) | $422 ($1212) |
| Follow-up | $255 ($984)* | $334 ($1547)* | $255 ($1001) | $322 ($1525) | $314 ($1716) | $316 ($1365) | $319 ($1783)* | $502 ($1868)* |
| Outpatient | ||||||||
| Baseline | $59 ($262) | $62 ($259) | $67 ($295) | $73 ($323) | $93 ($367) | $84 ($322) | $95 ($368) | $93 ($367) |
| Follow-up | $75 ($285) | $61 ($234) | $81 ($306) | $81 ($337) | $80 ($310) | $89 ($389) | $85 ($322) | $93 ($399) |
| ER | ||||||||
| Baseline | $13 ($50) | $15 ($68) | $15 ($60) | $14 ($64) | $18 ($65) | $21 ($84) | $18 ($65) | $17 ($61) |
| Follow-up | $14 ($70) | $14 ($60) | $14 ($72) | $13 ($73) | $16 ($117) | $14 ($71) | $17 ($126) | $18 ($70) |
| Physician office | ||||||||
| Baseline | $85 ($178) | $82 ($169) | $88 ($186) | $97 ($233) | $102 ($179) | $99 ($191) | $100 ($208) | $102 ($179) |
| Follow-up | $79 ($159) | $87 ($182) | $80 ($168) | $94 ($277) | $97 ($217) | $93 ($204) | $96 ($212) | $101 ($222) |
| Othera | ||||||||
| Baseline | $103 ($467) | $126 ($520) | $106 ($461) | $113 ($419) | $159 ($544) | $165 ($596) | $177 ($635) | $159 ($544) |
| Follow-up | $66 ($371)* | $99 ($423)* | $64 ($384)* | $95 ($399)* | $82 ($501) | $96 ($486) | $82 ($536)* | $141 ($607)* |
| Antidiabetic medication | ||||||||
| Baseline | $55 ($141) | $62 ($173) | $55 ($143) | $63 ($168) | $41 ($122) | $43 ($121) | $43 ($130) | $41 ($122) |
| Follow-up | $62 ($169) | $66 ($180) | $67 ($181) | $66 ($191) | $45 ($126) | $54 ($150) | $48 ($134) | $55 ($163) |
All data are mean (SD). p values were calculated based on GLMs with gamma distribution and log link (note: hypothesis testing was conducted only for post-index outcomes)
*indicates statistical significance (< 0.05)
aOther includes costs related to skilled nursing facility, home health and durable medical equipment, and hospice utilization. ER emergency room, GLM generalized linear model, PPPM per-patient-per-month, SD standard deviation, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, tDMARD targeted disease-modifying antirheumatic drug, TNFi tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor