Table 2.
Patient demographics among survivors and non‐survivors
| Overall, % (95% CI) (n/N) | Survivors, % (95% CI) (n/N) | Non‐survivors, % (95% CI) (n/N) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients with documented frailty† | 34 628 | 25 567 (73.8%) | 9061 (26.2%) |
| Female, % (n) [22 studies] | 48 (47.4–48.5%) (16 373/34 141) | 80.2 (79.6–80.9%) (13 139/16 373) | 19.8 (19.1–20.4%) (3234/16 373) |
| Age, mean (SD) (years) [20 studies] | 73.0 (±11.5) | 69.2 (±13.4) | 76.7 (±9.6) |
| Patient residence prior to hospitalisation, % (n) [13 studies] | |||
| Nursing home resident | 15.5 (14.8–16.3%) (1369/8832) | 12.2 (11.4–13.0%) (735/6027) | 22.7 (21.2–24.3%) (634/2795) |
| Own home | 63.0 (62.0–64.0%) (5564/8832) | 66.2 (65.0–67.4%) (3992/6027) | 56.2 (54.4–58.1%) (1572/2795) |
| Residential care/other‡ | 15.0 (14.3–15.8%) (1325/8832) | 14.9 (14.0–15.9%) (899/6027) | 20.3 (18.9–21.8%) (568/2795) |
| Ethnicity, % (n) [9 studies] | |||
| Caucasian | 59.3 (58.0–60.5%) (3612/6094) | 64.5 (62.9–66.0%) (2288/3549) | 52.0 (50.1–54.0%) (1324/2545) |
| Other | 40.7 (39.5–42.0%) (2482/6094) | 35.5 (34.0–37.1%) (1261/3549) | 48.0 (46.0–49.9%) (1221/2545) |
| Frailty data, % (n) [20 studies] | |||
| Total non‐frail† | 42.1 (41.5–42.6%) (13 751/32 687) | 80.6 (80.0–81.3%) (11 089/13 751) | 19.4 (18.7–20.0%) (2662/13 751) |
| Total frail† | 57.9 (57.4–58.5%) (18 936/32 687) | 69.4 (68.7–70.0%) (13 137/18 936) | 30.6 (30.0–31.3%) (5799/18 936) |
| Comorbidities, % (n) | |||
| Charlson comorbidity index <2 [4 studies] | 45.5 (42.2–48.9%) (388/852) | 56.6 (52.4–60.7%) (305/539) | 26.5 (21.9–31.6%) (83/313) |
| Charlson comorbidity index >2 [4 studies] | 54.5 (51.1–57.8%) (464/852) | 43.4 (39.3–47.6%) (234/539) | 73.5 (68.4–78.1%) (230/313) |
| Acute kidney injury [11 studies] | 31.1 (30.1–32.0%) (2837/9134) | 24.1 (23.0–25.1%) (1560/6483) | 48.2 (46.3–50.1%) (1277/2651) |
| Delirium [6 studies] | 17.0 (16.2–17.8%) (1472/8662) | 15.7 (14.8–16.7%) (870/5526) | 19.2 (17.8–20.6%) (602/3136) |
| Hospital‐specific data | |||
| Hospital LOS, mean (SD) (days) [14 studies] | 9.8 (±8.4) | 11.0 (±9.4) | 9.9 (±7.6) |
| Goals of care documentation, % (n) [5 studies] | 34.0 (30.9–37.3%) (286/840) | 13.3 (10.7–16.2%) (79/594) | 84.1 (79.2–88.3%) (207/246) |
| ICU‐specific data, % (n) | |||
| ICU admission [19 studies] | 26.0 (25.5–26.5%) (8317/32 028) | 47.3 (46.2–48.4%) (3932/8317) | 52.7 (51.6–53.8%) (4385/8317) |
| Non‐frail [11 studies] | 29.1 (28.3–29.9%) (3567/12 274)§ | 56.2 (54.5–57.8%) (2004/3567)§ | 43.8 (42.2–45.5%) (1563/3567)§ |
| Frail [11 studies] | 27.2 (26.5–27.9%) (4256/15 639)§ | 39.7 (38.2–41.2%) (1690/4256)§ | 60.3 (58.8–61.8%) (2566/4256)§ |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation [14 studies] | 76.9 (76.0–77.9%) (5850/7602) | 35.3 (34.1–36.5%) (2066/5850) | 64.7 (63.5–65.9%) (3784/5850) |
| Non‐frail [7 studies] | 75.5 (73.6–77.4%) (1499/1985) | 39.4¶ (36.1–42.7%) (326/828) | 56.3¶ (52.9–59.6%) (466/828) |
| Frail [7 studies] | 68.8 (67.3–70.2%) (2790/4057) | 29.0†† (24.6–34.3%) (98/335) | 71.0†† (66.0–75.7%) (238/335) |
†
Comparison between frail and non‐frail requiring ICU admission also P‐value of <0.0001.
‡
Based on three studies that had granular data. P‐value 0.024 for both survivors and non‐survivors when compared between frail and non‐frail requiring mechanical ventilation.
§
Frailty measure:17 studies CFS; one study each from FI, FIND and HFRS.
¶
Other and missing data.
††
Binomial 95% confidence interval (CI) (alpha 0.05).
CFS, clinical frailty scale; HFRS, hospital frailty risk scale; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; SD, standard deviation.