Table 3.
Comorbidities among survivors and non‐survivors, along with risk ratio (including log‐transformed)
| Comorbidities | No. studies | Mortality for patients with each comorbidity, % (n/N) | Mortality for patients without each comorbidity, % (n/N) | Log of risk ratio (95% CI) | Risk ratio (95% CI) | I 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dementia | 12 | 44.8 (657/1466) | 28.6 (2496/8735) | 0.33 (0.20, 0.46) | 1.39 (1.22, 1.58) | 70.7% |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13 | 39.2 (1041/2658) | 20.6 (4358/21 131) | 0.21 (0.11, 0.30) | 1.23 (1.12, 1.35) | 55.9% |
| Smoking | 6 | 35.6 (580/1628) | 32.6 (1186/3635) | 0.07 (0.02, 0.12) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) | 6.4% |
| Heart failure | 8 | 32.6 (956/2931) | 16.4 (2685/16 398) | 0.28 (0.11, 0.46) | 1.22 (1.08, 1.36) | 72.7% |
| Cardiovascular disease | 19 | 29.7 (3627/12 214) | 21.5 (4323/20 153) | 0.25 (0.18, 0.33) | 1.28 (1.07, 1.54) | 89.2% |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 9 | 29.4 (1172/3990) | 20.2 (3714/18 409) | 0.25 (0.07, 0.43) | 1.28 (1.20, 1.39) | 83.3% |
| Hypertension | 20 | 24.3 (4733/19 461) | 22.2 (1635/7358) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.17) | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) | 76.4% |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 | 27.6 (3054/11 084) | 24.2 (5197/21 461) | 0.10 (0.05, 0.14) | 1.11 (1.05, 1.15) | 62.5% |
| Chronic respiratory disease † | 20 | 24.6 (2347/9528) | 21.5 (3888/18 121) | 0.04 (0.03, 0.07) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | 64.3% |
| Obesity | 9 | 26.7 (556/2079) | 31.9 (2402/7528) | 0.06 (−0.12, 0.012) | 0.94 (0.89, 1.01) | 49.2% |
†
Respiratory diseases include a composite of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Bold values are statistically significant.