TABLE 1.
Characteristics of participants and parents and/or guardians and Gross Motor Skills and Inhibitory Control scores.
| Variable | Girl (n = 55) | Boy (n = 68) | Total (n = 123) | P for sex |
| Basic Demographic information | ||||
| Age (years) | 4.93 ± 0.42 | 4.86 ± 0.36 | 4.89 ± 0.39 | 0.32 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 68 (55.28%) | |||
| Anthropometric characteristics | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 18.58 ± 2.42 | 20.42 ± 3.39 | 19.60 ± 3.12 | < 0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 109.83 ± 4.74 | 111.79 ± 4.90 | 110.91 ± 4.91 | 0.03 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 15.36 ± 1.31 | 16.29 ± 2.11 | 15.88 ± 1.85 | < 0.01 |
| Normal | 52 (94.55%) | 53 (77.94%) | 105 (85.37%) | |
| Overweight | 3 (5.45%) | 9 (13.24%) | 12 (9.76%) | |
| Obesity | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (8.82%) | 6 (4.88%) | |
| Socioeconomic status | ||||
| Household income (annual per capita RMB) n, (%) | 0.65 | |||
| < 9,000 | 5 (10.20%) | 4 (6.06%) | 9 (7.83%) | |
| 9,000-30,000 | 7 (14.29%) | 13 (19.70%) | 20 (17.39%) | |
| 30,001-100,000 | 18 (36.73%) | 20 (30.30%) | 38 (33.04%) | |
| >100,000 | 19 (38.78%) | 29 (43.94%) | 48 (41.74%) | |
| Maternal education, n (%) | 0.69 | |||
| High school | 1 (2.04%) | 2 (3.03%) | 3 (2.61%) | |
| College/Associate’s degree | 3 (6.12%) | 8 (12.12%) | 11 (9.57%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 13 (26.53%) | 12 (18.18%) | 25 (21.74%) | |
| Master’s degree | 26 (53.06%) | 34 (51.52%) | 60 (52.17%) | |
| Doctoral degree | 6 (12.24%) | 10 (15.38%) | 16 (13.91%) | |
| Extracurricular class, n (%) | 0.94 | |||
| Yes, n (%) | 33 (67.35%) | 44 (66.67%) | 77 (66.96%) | |
| No, n (%) | 16 (32.65%) | 22 (33.33%) | 38 (33.04%) | |
| Inhibitory control | ||||
| Accuracy (ICC-ACC) (%)a | 86.51 ± 14.76 | 86.06 ± 13.58 | 86.01 ± 14.05 | 0.38 |
| Reaction time (ICC-RT) (ms)b | 1236.34 ± 296.89 | 1233.16 ± 306.27 | 1240.31 ± 301.64 | 0.88 |
| Total GMS (Score) | 71.93 ± 10.09 | 71.85 ± 10.10 | 71.78 ± 9.95 | 0.84 |
| Locomotor (Score) | 38.18 ± 4.93 | 36.55 ± 6.59 | 37.28 ± 5.88 | 0.34 |
| Run | 6.95 ± 1.13 | 7.22 ± 0.99 | 7.10 ± 1.06 | 0.20 |
| Gallop | 6.85 ± 2.01 | 6.43 ± 2.56 | 6.62 ± 2.33 | 0.55 |
| Hop | 5.44 ± 2.17 | 4.81 ± 2.67 | 5.09 ± 2.47 | 0.23 |
| Leap | 5.38 ± 1.05 | 5.41 ± 1.05 | 5.40 ± 1.05 | 0.90 |
| Horizontal Jump | 6.40 ± 1.71 | 6.38 ± 1.79 | 6.39 ± 1.74 | 0.95 |
| Slide | 7.07 ± 1.44 | 6.37 ± 2.20 | 6.68 ± 1.92 | 0.04 |
| Object-control (Score) | 33.75 ± 7.09 | 35.30 ± 5.67 | 34.50 ± 6.26 | 0.17 |
| Strike | 7.38 ± 2.09 | 8.09 ± 1.71 | 7.77 ± 1.91 | 0.04 |
| Stationary Dribble | 5.49 ± 2.28 | 5.37 ± 2.29 | 5.42 ± 2.28 | 0.15 |
| Catch | 3.65 ± 1.60 | 3.65 ± 1.60 | 3.72 ± 1.51 | 0.92 |
| Kick | 5.93 ± 1.26 | 6.49 ± 1.25 | 6.24 ± 1.28 | 0.02 |
| Overhand Throw | 5.58 ± 2.07 | 6.19 ± 1.67 | 5.92 ± 1.88 | 0.07 |
| Underhand Roll | 5.33 ± 2.09 | 5.51 ± 1.88 | 5.43 ± 1.97 | 0.70 |
aIC-ACC is computed by dividing the total number of tests performed by the number of tests with correct selections. bIC-RT is the average reaction time of correct selections.
GMS, gross movement skill; BMI, Body Mass Index. The mean ± SD was reported for normal or non-normal distribution variables. The bold font is used to highlight significance level at P < 0.05.