Table 3.

Study‐level characteristics associated with reporting of sex‐specific trial results

Characteristics	Number of trials (N)	Results reported by sex, n (%)	No results reported by sex, n (%)	p
Total	142	36 (25.4)	106 (74.6)
Journal				<.001
NEJM	16	14 (87.5)	2 (12.5)
Lancet	6	3 (50.0)	3 (50.0)
JAMA	8	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)
JAMA Internal Medicine	1	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
European Heart Journal	20	5 (25.0)	15 (75.0)
Circulation	14	5 (28.6)	10 (71.4)
JACC	9	2 (22.2)	7 (77.8)
JAMA Cardiology	1	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
JACC Clinical Electrophysiology	7	0 (0.0)	7 (100.0)
Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology	21	2 (9.5)	19 (90.5)
Heart Rhythm	15	0 (0.0)	15 (100.0)
Europace	18	3 (16.7)	15 (83.3)
Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology	6	0 (0.0)	6 (100.0)
Journal category				<.001
General Medicine	31	20 (64.5)	11 (35.5)
General Cardiology	44	12 (27.3)	32 (72.7)
Cardiology Electrophysiology	67	5 (7.5)	62 (92.5)
Year of publication				.133
2011–2013	27	6 (22.2)	21 (77.8)
2014–2015	34	4 (11.8)	30 (88.2)
2016–2017	24	7 (29.3)	17 (70.8)
2018–2019	27	7 (25.9)	20 (74.1)
2020–2021	30	12 (40.0)	18 (60.0)
Year of publication (Binary)				.038
2011–2019	112	24 (21.4)	88 (78.6)
2020–2021	30	12 (40.0)	18 (60.0)
Sample size
Less than 250	81	12 (32.4)	25 (67.6)	<.001
250–750	37	8 (9.9)	73 (90.1)
More than 750	24	16 (66.6)	8 (33.3)
Centers
Multicenter	102	30 (29.4)	72 (70.6)	.076
Single center	40	6 (15.0)	34 (85.0)
Multinational				.013
Yes	58 (40.8)	21 (36.2)	37 (63.8)
No	84 (59.2)	15 (17.9)	69 (82.1)
Region				.003
Asia Pacific	26 (18.3)	4 (15.4)	22 (84.6)
Europe	44 (31.0)	6 (13.6)	38 (86.4)
North America	25 (17.6)	5 (20.0)	20 (80.0)
South America	1 (0.7)	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Multiregional	46 (32.4)	20 (43.5)	26 (56.5)
Region (Binary)				<.001
Single region	96	16 (16.7)	80 (83.3)
Multiregional	46 (32.4)	20 (43.5)	26 (56.5)
Intervention				<.001
Catheter ablation	70 (49.3)	9 (12.9)	61 (87.1)
Electrical cardioversion	3 (2.1)	0 (0.0)	3 (100.0)
Surgical ablation	2 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
Adjuvant to catheter ablation or electrical cardioversion	18 (12.7)	3 (16.7)	15 (83.3)
Periprocedural oral anticoagulation	14 (9.9)	3 (21.4)	11 (78.6)
Long‐term oral anticoagulation	11 (7.7)	9 (81.8)	2 (18.2)
Left atrial appendage occlusion	4 (2.8)	3 (75.0)	1 (25.0)
Antiarrhythmic drugs	4 (2.8)	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)
RFM/integrated care	11 (7.7)	7 (63.6)	4 (36.4)
Others	5 (3.5)	1 (20.0)	4 (80.0)
Industry involvement				.007
Yes	66 (46.5)	24 (36.4)	42 (63.6)
No	76 (53.5)	12 (15.8)	64 (84.2)
Female(s) in a trial leadership role				.258
Yes	19 (13.4)	7 (36.8)	12 (63.2)
No	123 (86.6)	29 (23.6)	94 (76.4)

Abbreviation: RFM, risk factor management.