Figure 7.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and NO levels and GST activity. (A–C) Effect of acute N. bombycis exposure on H₂O₂ level (A) and NO level (B) and GST activity (C). The vertical axis represents the relative gene expression ratios, and the horizontal axis represents the times (2, 4, and 6 days) and N. bombycis concentrations (CK, 10³, 10⁶, and 10⁹ spores/mL). (D–F) H₂O₂ level (D) and NO level (E) and GST activity (F) after treatment with E. faecalis LX10 (10⁷ spores/mL) (Ef), N. bombycis (10⁹ spores/mL) (Nb), or N. bombycis and E. faecalis LX10 (Ef + Nb). Healthy silkworms were fed the same volume of sterile water as a control (CK). Each bar represents the mean fold‐change ± SE of five independent experiments. Different letters represent significant differences at P < 0.05 (one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test).