Table 1.

List of traits and variables used

Variable	Definition	Unit
A n	Net assimilation rate	µmol CO2 m−2 s−1
A max	Maximum assimilation rate at saturating CO2	µmol CO2 m−2 s−1
BSEs	Bundle sheath extensions	Dimensionless
C i	Intercellular airspace CO2 concentration	µmol mol−1
C i*	Intercellular CO2 photocompensation point	µmol mol−1
C c	Chloroplast CO2 concentration	µmol mol−1
E	Transpiration rate	mmol m−2 s−1
g IAS	Intercellular airspace (gas phase) conductance	mol m−2 s−1 bar−1
g liq	Liquid phase conductance	mol m−2 s−1 bar−1
g m	Mesophyll conductance	mol CO2 m−2 s−1
g s	Stomatal conductance	mol m−2 s−1
g smax	Maximum stomatal conductance	mol m−2 s−1
K leaflet	Leaflet hydraulic conductance	mmol m−2 s−1 MPa−1
L leaf	Leaf thickness	μm
L mes	Mesophyll thickness	μm
L epi‐adaxial	Adaxial epidermis thickness	μm
L epi‐abaxial	Abaxial epidermis thickness	μm
PPFD	Photosynthetic photon flux density	µmol m−2 s−1
SA mes/V mes	Mesophyll surface area exposed to the intercellular airspace per mesophyll volume	μm2 μm−3
V IAS/V mes‐cell	Intercellular airspace volume to mesophyll cell volume	m3 m−3
WUE i	Intrinsic water use efficiency	µmol CO2 mol−1 H2O
Ψleaflet	Leaflet water potential	MPa
ΦPSII	Quantum yield of photosystem II	Dimensionless
Γ*	Chloroplast CO2 photocompensation point	µmol mol−1
R d	Dark respiration	µmol m−2 s−1
θIAS	Mesophyll porosity	m3 m−3
τleaf	Tortuosity	m2 m−2
λ leaf	Lateral path lengthening	m m−1