TABLE 1.

Studies included in the systematic review

References	Year	Parallel or cross‐over	Control group	Duration (d)	Wash‐out (d)	Blinding	AOX agent	AOX form	AOX dose × frequency per day	Total n	n male/ female	Mean age (y)	Mean BMI (kg/m2)	Healthy or health condition?	Study quality a
Broome et al. 19	2021	Cross‐over	Placebo	28	42	Double	MitoQ	Tablets	20 mg × once	22	22/0	44	24.7	Healthy	5/7
Butler et al. 16	2020	Parallel	Placebo	28	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	S.C. injection	4 mg or 40 mg × once	71	54/17	64.8	28.4	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction	6/7
Cleland et al. 22	2019	Parallel	Placebo	Up to 7	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	I.V. injection	20 mg × once	306	239/67	70.3	N/A	Heart failure with an LVEF = 40% within 48 h of an admission for worsening peripheral oedema	1/7
Daubert et al. 23	2017	Parallel	Placebo	4 h	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	I.V. infusion	0.005 or 0.05 or 0.25 mg/kg/h	36	28/8	62	26	Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (ejection fraction ≤ 35%)	4/7
Eirin et al. 24	2018	Parallel	Placebo	30 min pre‐ to 2.5 h post‐PTRA	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	I.V. infusion	0.05 mg/kg/h	14	7/7	67.7	30.5	Renovascular hypertension patients undergoing PTRA	0/7
Gane et al. 25	2010	Parallel	Placebo	28	N/A	Double	MitoQ	Tablets	40 mg or 80 mg × once	30	19/11	47.7	27.1	Patients with document history of chronic HCV infection	5/7
Gibson et al. 26	2016	Parallel	Placebo	15‐60 min pre‐PCI and for 1 h following reperfusion	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	I.V. injection	0.05 mg/kg/h	118	85/33	60.1	N/A	First‐time anterior STEMI subjects undergoing primary PCI for a proximal or mid left anterior descending artery occlusion	2/7
Karaa et al. 27	2020	Cross‐over	Placebo	28	28	Double	Elamipretide	S.C. injection	40 mg × once	30	5/25	45.3	24.1	Genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial myopathy	5/7
Karaa et al. 17	2018	Parallel	Placebo	2 h per day for 5 consecutive days	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	I.V. infusion	0.01 or 0.1 or 0.25 mg/kg/h	36	6/30	43	23	Genetically confirmed primary mitochondrial myopathy	5/7
Kirkman et al. 28	2018	Cross‐over	Placebo	Acute infusion	N/A	Unclear	MitoTempo	I.V. infusion	1 mM	11	6/5	58	24	Healthy	2/7
										20	14/6	60	31	CKD
Kirkman et al. 29	2020	Parallel	Placebo	28	N/A	Double	MitoQ	Capsules	20 mg × once	18	n.s.	62	N/A	Stage 3‐5 CKD	2/7 b
Park et al. 30	2020	Cross‐over	Placebo	Acute ingestion	14	Double	MitoQ	Capsules	80 mg × once	11	5/6	66.1	30	Peripheral artery disease	3/7
Pham et al. 31	2020	Cross‐over	Co‐enzyme Q	42	42	Double	MitoQ	Capsules	20 × mg × once	20	20/0	50.8	26.6	Healthy	5/7
Reid Thompson et al. 32	2021	Cross‐over	Placebo	84	28	Double	Elamipretide	S.C. injection	40 mg × once	12	12/0	19.5	17.6	Genetically confirmed Barth syndrome	5/7
Rossman et al. 33	2018	Cross‐over	Placebo	42	0	Double	MitoQ	Capsules	20 mg × once	24	9/11	68	23	Healthy	7/7
Saad et al. 34	2017	Parallel	Placebo	30 min prior to PTRA until 3 h post	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	I.V. infusion	0.05 mg/kg/h	14	7/7	70.0	30.9	Patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis scheduled for PTRA	4/7
Shill et al. 35	2016	Parallel	Placebo	21	N/A	Double	MitoQ	Capsules	10 mg × once	20	20/0	22.1	26.9	Healthy	4/7
Stealth biotherapeutics Inc. 36	2021	Parallel	Placebo	28	N/A	Double	Elamipretide	S.C. injection	40 mg × once	47	17/30	70.5	N/A	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction	3/7 b
Williamson et al. 37	2020	Parallel	Placebo	Acute ingestion 1 h pre‐exercise and 21 d	N/A	Double	MitoQ	Capsules	20 mg × once	24	24/0	25	26.6	Healthy	3/7

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; HCV, hepatitis C virus; I.V., intravenous; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; N/A, not applicable; n.s., not specified; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PTRA, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty; S.C., subcutaneous; STEMI, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction.

^a Study quality based on no. of Cochrane low risk‐of‐bias domains.

^b Study quality based only on abstract/clinical trial registry data.