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F. nucleatum acts as a bridging organism in dental plaques. A. Scanning electron microscopic image of a multispecies human oral biofilm. B. Schematic representation showing the ability of F. nucleatum to function as a “bridging” organism connecting the early colonizers, such as Streptococcus species via the RadD adhesin, and the largely anaerobic secondary colonizers, including Porphyromonas gingivalis via Fap2, Treponema denticola, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
