TABLE 1.
Characteristics of study population by NAFLD status (n = 36)
| NAFLD status | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| non‐NAFLD (n = 18) | NAFLD (n = 18) | ||
| Clinical features | |||
| Age (years) a | 12.22 ± 3.02 | 12.54 ± 2.42 | 0.8628 |
| Gender (M/F) | 8/10 (44.44%/55.56%) | 11/7 (61.11%/38.89%) | 0.3166 |
| Race c | 6/4/6/1/1 (33.33%/22.22%/33.33%/5.56%/5.56%) | 6/2/9/0/1 (33.33%/11.11%/50%/0%/5.56%) | 0.6868 |
| Glucose tolerance (NGT/IGT) b | 15/3 | 10/5 | 0.2660 |
| BMI (kg/m2) b | 30.26 ± 7.04 | 35.21 ± 6.82 | 0.0386 |
| BMI z‐score b | 2.09 ± 0.48 | 2.46 ± 0.28 | 0.0204 |
| Body fat (%) b | 41.34 ± 10.23 | 46.58 ± 7.86 | 0.1100 |
| Glucose metabolism | |||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) b | 89.75 ± 5.37 | 94.53 ± 8.31 | 0.0549 |
| Fasting insulin (uU/ml) b | 21.69 ± 5.58 | 50.53 ± 30.40 | 0.0017 |
| 2‐h glucose (mg/dl) b | 118.11 ± 25.35 | 130.80 ± 33.50 | 0.2249 |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%) b | 5.51 ± 0.18 | 5.56 ± 0.30 | 0.2346 |
| WBISI b | 2.25 ± 0.61 | 1.24 ± 0.81 | 0.0003 |
| IGI b | 4.25 ± 3.43 | 6.42 ± 4.38 | 0.0738 |
| DI b | 8.24 ± 4.47 | 8.03 ± 8.32 | 0.2985 |
| Lipid profile | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) b | 143.72 ± 28.39 | 152.21 ± 24.65 | 0.3816 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) b | 43.94 ± 8.21 | 44.29 ± 10.41 | 0.9180 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) b | 84.28 ± 27.19 | 85.64 ± 19.65 | 0.8754 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) b | 77.17 ± 28.24 | 111.14 ± 68.63 | 0.2950 |
| Liver function | |||
| Alanine transaminase (U/l) b | 18.33 ± 7.27 | 40.14 ± 33.80 | 0.0463 |
| Aspartate transaminase (U/l) b | 20.83 ± 4.99 | 32.06 ± 26.93 | 0.2313 |
| Body fat composition | |||
| Visceral (cm2) | 52.61 ± 24.86 | 77.24 ± 24.03 | 0.0047 |
| Deep subcutaneous (cm2) | 184.98 ± 202.32 | 171.37 ± 58.03 | 0.1977 |
| Subcutaneous (cm2) b | 467.91 ± 215.92 | 560.69 ± 234.84 | 0.1798 |
| Superficial subcutaneous (cm2) | 161.93 ± 90.37 | 155.98 ± 76.29 | 0.9125 |
| Deep/superficial subcutaneous | 1.14 ± 0.59 | 1.20 ± 0.30 | 0.1419 |
| Hepatic fat fraction (%) | 1.23 ± 1.74 | 20.86 ± 11.36 | < 0.0001 |
Chi‐square tests were used for categorical variables; two‐sample t‐tests were used for normally distributed continuous variables; and Wilcoxon rank test was used for nonnormally distributed continuous variables.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DI, disposition index; HDL cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; IGI, insulinogenic index, IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; LDL cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; NGT, normal glucose tolerance; WBISI, whole‐body insulin sensitivity index.
a
Mean ± SD.
b
3, 1, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 5, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 1 missing values.
c
White or Caucasian/Black or African American/Hispanics/Others/Asian.