FIGURE 1.

Patients with AUD have differences in their fecal virome compared with control subjects. (A) PCoA of fecal bacteriophages grouped by target bacteria species in controls (n = 16) and patients with AUD (n = 62 active alcohol use and 56 after abstinence). Axes represent the two most discriminating axes using the Bray‐Curtis distance metric. The p value was determined by permutational multivariate analysis of variance. (B) Linear discriminant analysis of bacteriophage species in patients with AUD versus controls. (C–F) Relative abundance of species (C) Streptococcus phage D1, (D) Streptococcus phage Abc2, (E) Lactococcus phage 98201, and (F) Lactococcus phage 28201. Axes are magnified to the left in (E) for better resolution of data. Abbreviations: AUD, alcohol use disorder; LDA, linear discriminant analysis; PC, principal component; PCoA, principal coordinate analysis; var., variance