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. 2022 Jul 12;15:927479. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.927479

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Abnormalities of ependymal cilia. The absence of cilia, cilia immobility, and changes in planar polarity that modify the direction of the cilia’s beat are all examples of ciliary disorders. (A) Cilia loss occurs when the number of ependymal cilia decreases, their length decreases, or there are no cilia at all. FoxJ1, Mcidas, GemC1, NHERF1, Odf2, CCNO, NME7, and HTT are all related genes. (B) Furthermore, the structure of the original normal cilia is destroyed, as is the aberrant function of the dynein arms and axonemes, resulting in ependymal cilia immobility. DNAAFFs, CCDC151, and DNA Polλ (DPCD) are all related genes. In addition, aberrant cilia function in the ependyma causes inappropriate CSF accumulation. (C) Ciliary movement frequency will be reduced by Hydin, CFAP221 and CFAP54, and regular PCP disorder will be harmed. CCNO, Cyclin O; NME7, non-metastatic cell 7; HTT, Huntington protein; LRRC6, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 6; DNAAFs, dynein axonemal assembly factors; CFAP221, cilia-and flagella-associated protein 221; CFAP54, cilia-and flagella-associated protein 54; DVLs, disheveled.