Figure 7.

Aquaporin 4 (AQP4)—IR in cerebral cortex of IIH subjects. (A) In cortex layers 2/3 the neurons (red arrow) lack AQP4-IR. In contrast, the cell bodies and processes of astrocytes show moderate to strong AQP4-IR. Small blood vessels are distinctly outlined due to high AQP4 IR in the astrocyte end-feet (blue arrow). (B) This Figure illustrates that the small cerebral vessels are distinctly outlined due to the prominent AQP4-IR in astrocyte end-feet. Note that the perivascular end feet lining blood vessels are more intensely reactive than the neuropil. (C) Pyramidal nerve cells (red arrow) could be observed outlined by seemingly continuous AQP4-IR along the neurilemma, as noticed for many neurons (reference patient). In contrast, no enclosing continuous rim of AQP4-IR was observed in IIH. (D) The significance of the different patterns of AQP4 IR in end-feet in different locations ought to be further elucidated.