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. 2022 Jul 12;13:954121. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954121

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Miao, Lv, Li, Wei, Hou, Sun, Li, Zhang, Zhang, Yang, Xiang, Meng, Wan, Wang, Feng, Zhao, Luo, Li, Tu, Wang, Xue, Liu and Gao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Inflammatory cytokines and immune cell subpopulations in COVID-19 macaques. (A) Inflammatory cytokines in serum samples from macaques before and after challenge were measured by Luminex multiplex assays as described in the “Materials and methods” section. The scale bar indicates the change-fold of the cytokines at 7dpi, compared with themselves at before exposure. (B) The proportion of immune cells including CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes, CD20⁺ B lymphocytes, and NK cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.005. ns, not significant.