TABLE 1.

Inflammatory cytokines related to osteoporosis in different respiratory diseases.

Respiratory disease	Inflammatory cytokine
COPD	IL-2, IFNγ, and IL-6
Asthma	TNF-α and IL-6
COVID-19	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-8, and IL-10
Tuberculosis	IL-1 and TNF-α
Environmental pollution	TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6