Table 1. Differences in Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Respondents Without vs With Financial Hardship, Based on the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity–Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Measure.
| Variable | No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without financial hardship (n = 208) | With financial hardship (n = 196) | Total (N = 404) | ||
| Age at enrollment, mean (SD), y | 66 (12.2) | 57 (12.9) | 62 (13.4) | <.001a |
| Race and ethnicityb | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 180 (87) | 127 (65) | 307 (76) | <.001d |
| Otherc | 27 (13) | 69 (35) | 96 (24) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 109 (52) | 76 (39) | 185 (46) | .006d |
| Female | 99 (48) | 120 (61) | 219 (54) | |
| Monthly household income, $ | ||||
| <4999 | 66 (32) | 132 (68) | 198 (50) | <.001d |
| ≥5000 | 140 (68) | 61 (32) | 201 (50) | |
| Household size, mean (SD) | 2.2 (0.9) | 2.6 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.3) | .009e |
| Educational level | ||||
| ≥Any college | 132 (64) | 76 (39) | 208 (51) | <.001d |
| <College | 76 (36) | 120 (61) | 196 (49) | |
| Employment status | ||||
| Unemployed | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | <.001d |
| Homemaker, retired, or student | ||||
| Age <65 y | 36 (17) | 57 (30) | 93 (23) | |
| Age ≥65 y | 113 (54) | 50 (25) | 163 (40) | |
| On leave of absence, but still employed | 14 (7) | 37 (19) | 51 (13) | |
| Working full-time or part-time | 44 (21) | 50 (25) | 94 (23) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married | 159 (76) | 109 (56) | 268 (66) | <.001d |
| Widowed, divorced, separated, or never married | 49 (24) | 87 (44) | 136 (34) | |
| Insurance type | ||||
| None | 0 (0) | 6 (3) | NA | .001d |
| Public | ||||
| Medicare, with and without secondary insurance | 129 (62) | 69 (35) | 198 (49) | |
| Medicaid, state-based program | 15 (7) | 28 (14) | 43 (11) | |
| VA, TRICARE | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | |
| Private | 63 (30) | 90 (46) | 153 (38) | |
| Cancer type | ||||
| Solid tumor | 143 (69) | 146 (74) | 289 (72) | .20d |
| Hematologic cancer | 65 (31) | 50 (26) | 115 (28) | |
| Disease status for solid tumor | ||||
| Nonmetastatic | 73 (57) | 78 (59) | 151 (58) | .27d |
| Metastatic | 56 (43) | 54 (41) | 110 (42) | |
| Time from diagnosis, y | ||||
| <1 | 76 (37) | 100 (51) | 176 (44) | <.001d |
| 1-5 | 76 (36) | 71 (36) | 147 (36) | |
| >5 | 56 (27) | 25 (13) | 81 (20) | |
| Total lines of treatment, mean (SD) | 3.9 (2.7) | 3.2 (2.1) | 3.6 (2.4) | .02e |
| Site location | ||||
| Mayo Clinic Arizona | 175 (84) | 124 (63) | 299 (74) | <.001d |
| UMMC | 33 (16) | 72 (37) | 105 (26) | |
| Survey period | ||||
| Before COVID-19 pandemic | 114 (55) | 86 (44) | 200 (50) | .03f |
| During COVID-19 pandemic | 94 (45) | 110 (56) | 204 (50) | |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; UMMC, University of Mississippi Medical Center; VA, US Department of Veterans Affairs.
a
Calculated with linear model analysis of variance.
b
Race and ethnicity were self-reported in the surveys.
c
Other race and ethnicity categories were compared with the non-Hispanic White category because of the small number of respondents in the other categories.
d
Calculated with Pearson χ2 test.
e
Calculated with Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.
f
Calculated with Fisher exact test for count data.