Figure 4.

An inverse-breathing system-based islet encapsulation. (A) Schematic illustration of the inverse-breathing system: CO₂ released from semipermeable alginate-hydrogel-encapsulated islets transported to PFC-encapsulated Li₂O₂ particulates, converted to O₂. (B) Fabrication of Li₂O₂/PFC-containing constructs. (C) Fluorescent microscopy images for the viability of INS-1 cells culture in a hypoxic environment with different treatments. (D) pO₂ distributions in three cross-sections of each design. White regions represent necrosis. (E) H&E and immunohistochemical staining of retrieved islet graft over 3 months. (F) Non-fasting blood glucose measurements after islet transplantation over 92 days. Reproduced, with permission, from (69) Copyright ^© 2021 The Authors.