FIGURE 1.

Schematic diagram of major NIHL susceptible genes distributed in the hair cells. NIHL susceptible genes are involved in the progression of oxidative stress, potassium ion cycling, calcium overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and other biochemical processes. They are distributed in various locations in cells, including membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. Abbreviations: Glu, Glutamate; GR, Glutathione reductase; GSH, Glutathione; GSSH, Glutathione oxidized; Keap1, Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1; PMCA2, Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2; ROS, Reactive oxygen species.