Skip to main content
. 2021 Oct 31;22(1):e00537. doi: 10.34172/jrhs.2022.72

Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies .

1 st Author year Country Study population Age Sex Study design Religion Sample NOS-stars Quality
Abdu 2020 Ethiopia Students 21.00 Both Cross-sectional All religions 523 ********* High
Akbari 2015 Iran General population 25.86 Both Case-control All religions 600 ********* High
Almasi 2009 Hungary General population 33-64 Both Case-control All religions 388 ********* High
Almeida 2012 Australia General population 60-101 Both Cross-sectional All religions 21 290 ******* High
Blackmore 2008 USA General population 32.00 Both Cross-sectional All religions 36 984 ******* High
Blosnich 2020 USA LGBQ people 18.29 Both Cross-sectional All religions 40 150 ********* High
Brito 2021 France General population 18-60 Both Cross-sectional All religions 38 694 ********* High
Burlaka 2020 Ukrain Students 19.19 Both Cross-sectional Christianity 1005 ********* High
Burshtein 2016 Israel General population 18-34 Both Cross-sectional Judaism 4914 ********* High
Canu 2020 Switzerland Workers 18-65 Male Cohort All religions 1 534 564 ********* High
Caribé 2012 Brazil General population 33.49 Male Case-control All religions 224 ********* High
Caribé 2015 Brazil Mental disorders 42.95 Both Cross-sectional All religions 164 ******** High
Chatters 2011 USA General 18 +  Both Cross-sectional All religions 6082 ******* High
Currier 2017 USA Veteran 28.60 Both Cross-sectional All religions 125 ****** Low
de Sá SousaI 2020 Brazil Student 16.40 Both Cross-sectional All religions 674 ********* High
Dervic 2004 USA Mental disorders 36.80 Both Cross-sectional All religions 371 ***** Low
Duberstein 2004 USA General population 68.30 Both Case-control All religions 172 ********* High
Fellingham 2000 USA General population 15-34 Male Cohort Christianity 1 100 620 ******** High
Garroutte 2003 USA General population 33.70 Both Cross-sectional Christianity 1456 ******** High
Hilton 2002 USA General population 15-34 Male Cohort Christianity 15 555 ****** Low
Hoffman 2014 USA Students 16.04 Both Cross-sectional All religions 700 ********* High
Huang 2020 China Drug abusers 39.22 Both Cross-sectional Buddhist 486 ******* High
Jacob 2019 Spain General 46.30 Both Cross-sectional All religions 7403 ********* High
Joel Wong 2011 USA Students 23.11 Both Cross-sectional All religions 1377 ******* High
Kim 2019 Korea General population 35-49 Female Cross-sectional All religions 2649 ****** Low
Kovess-Masfety 2011 Europe General population No data Both Cross-sectional All religions 21 425 ********* High
Kurihara 2009 Indonesia General population 41.40 Both Case-control Hindu 180 ******** High
Lawrence 2016 USA Mental disorders No data Both Cross-sectional All religions 321 ******* High
Lee 2017 Korea General 60-90 Both Cross-sectional All religions 93 151 ********* High
Lester 2012 USA General population 23.00 Both Cross-sectional All religions 149 **** Low
Lytle 2018 USA LGBQ people 22.50 Both Cross-sectional All religions 20 702 ********* High
Martiello 2019 Italy General population 25 +  Both Case-control All religions 484 ****** Low
Mirzaie 2013 Iran Students 21.16 Both Cross-sectional All religions 452 ****** Low
Nisbet 2000 USA General population 50 +  Both Case-control All religions 4863 ****** Low
Nkansah-Amankra 2012 USA General 26-34 Both Cohort All religions 9412 ********* High
Nonnemaker 2003 USA Students 6-18 Both Cross-sectional All religions 18 924 ******* High
O'Reilly 2015 UK General population 16-74 Both Cohort All religions 1 106 104 ********* High
Panczak 2013 Switzerland General population 35-94 Both Cohort Christianity 3 688 617 ******* High
Peltzer 2017 Asia Students 18-30 Both Cohort All religions 4675 ******* High
Rasic 2009 Canada General population 15 +  Both Cohort All religions 36 984 ******* High
Rasic 2011 USA General population 30 +  Both Cohort All religions 1091 ********* High
Rew 2001 USA General population 10-19 Both Cohort All religions 10 059 ****** Low
Robins 2009 USA Students 18-21 Both Cross-sectional All religions 454 ******** High
Rushing 2013 USA Mental disorders 59 +  Both Cross-sectional All religions 248 ******* High
Sidhartha 2006 India General population 12-19 Both Cross-sectional Hindu 1205 ****** Low
Sisask 2010 Cross-National General population No data Both Case-control All religions 8303 ********* High
Snarr 2010 USA Veterans No data Both Cross-sectional All religions 52 780 ********* High
Stolz 2016 Multinational General population No data Both Cross-sectional All religions 6791 ********* High
Stroppa 2013 Brazil Mental disorders 46.20 Both Cross-sectional All religions 168 ***** Low
Sun 2018 China General population 15-54 Both Case-control All religions 1582 ******* High
Taylor 2011 USA General population 18 +  Both Cross-sectional All religions 6082 ******* High
Thanh 2006 Vietnam General population 14 +  Both Cross-sectional All religions 2280 ********* High
Toussaint 2015 USA General population No data Both Cross-sectional All religions 4448 ******* High
Trevino 2014 USA Chronic diseases 20 +  Both Cross-sectional All religions 603 ********* High
Tsoh 2005 China General population 65 +  Both Case-control All religions 224 ******* High
Umamaheswari 2014 India Mental disorders No data Both Case-control Hindu 130 **** Low
Ursano 2015 USA Veterans 18 +  Both Cross-sectional All religions 38 507 ********* High
VanderWeele 2016 USA General population 30-55 Both Cohort All religions 89 708 ********* High
Vega Sánchez 2020 Spain General population No data Both Case-control All religions 273 ****** Low
Wang 2015 China General population 18 +  Both Cross-sectional All religions 2769 ******** High
Yen 2005 Taiwan General population 65-74 Both Cross-sectional All religions 897 ******* High
Zhang 2010 China General population 15-34 Both Case-control All religions 808 ****** Low

LGBQ acronym stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer/questioning.