Table A4.
Frequency in Using a Mobile Device before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
| Mean (SD) | Z | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | During | ||||
| Communication | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 6.91 (1.73) | 7.26 (1.75) | 4.98 | <0.001 | |
| Urban | 7.03 (2.07) | 7.60 (1.89) | 5.66 | <0.001 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 6.87 (2.00) | 7.12 (1.85) | 2.23 | 0.026 | |
| Female | 7.01 (1.90) | 7.56 (1.82) | 7.17 | <0.001 | |
| Nonbinary | 7.50 (2.17) | 7.83 (1.84) | 1.00 | 0.317 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 7.15 (1.96) | 7.80 (1.71) | 6.31 | <0.001 | |
| No | 7.20 (1.87) | 7.57 (1.85) | 4.11 | <0.001 | |
| Social Media | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 6.65 (1.91) | 6.91 (2.07) | 3.63 | <0.001 | |
| Urban | 6.57 (2.14) | 7.06 (2.25) | 5.84 | <0.001 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 6.50 (2.13) | 6.67 (2.24) | 1.85 | 0.064 | |
| Female | 6.64 (2.02) | 7.11 (2.14) | 6.69 | <0.001 | |
| Nonbinary | 7.17 (1.47) | 7.50 (1.23) | 1.41 | 0.157 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 6.75 (1.93) | 7.32 (1.96) | 6.32 | <0.001 | |
| No | 6.83 (1.93) | 7.05 (2.13) | 2.67 | 0.008 | |
| Entertainment | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 4.95 (2.23) | 5.31 (2.10) | 5.59 | <0.001 | |
| Urban | 5.38 (2.24) | 6.17 (2.34) | 6.85 | <0.001 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 5.56 (2.19) | 6.10 (2.26) | 4.53 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 5.06 (2.25) | 5.67 (2.28) | 7.34 | <0.001 | |
| Nonbinary | 6.17 (2.48) | 6.83 (2.48) | 1.41 | 0.157 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 5.31 (2.29) | 6.06 (2.32) | 7.09 | <0.001 | |
| No | 5.17 (2.13) | 5.50 (2.05) | 2.53 | 0.011 | |
| Internet Browsing | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 6.02 (1.73) | 6.37 (1.68) | 5.08 | <0.001 | |
| Urban | 6.20 (1.95) | 6.63 (1.97) | 6.242 | <0.001 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 6.46 (1.90) | 6.76 (1.74) | 3.54 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 6.03 (1.84) | 6.42 (1.88) | 6.93 | <0.001 | |
| Nonbinary | 5.67 (2.07) | 7.17 (1.94) | 2.04 | 0.041 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 6.17 (1.88) | 6.71 (1.78) | 7.17 | <0.001 | |
| No | 6.24 (1.77) | 6.44 (1.82) | 2.07 | 0.038 | |
| Health | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 3.18 (2.35) | 3.72 (2.48) | 4.56 | <0.001 | |
| Urban | 3.53 (2.22) | 4.17 (2.39) | 5.63 | <0.001 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 3.28 (2.33) | 3.59 (2.43) | 2.37 | 0.018 | |
| Female | 3.43 (2.28) | 4.13 (2.43) | 6.79 | <0.001 | |
| Nonbinary | 2.17 (1.47) | 2.83 (2.23) | 1.13 | 0.257 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 3.36 (2.20) | 4.08 (2.35) | 5.69 | <0.001 | |
| No | 3.48 (2.39) | 3.95 (2.58) | 3.03 | 0.002 | |
| Photos and Videos | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 5.11 (1.93) | 5.15 (1.96) | 1.36 | 0.174 | |
| Urban | 5.25 (1.85) | 5.25 (2.00) | 0.15 | 0.882 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 4.84 (1.94) | 4.77 (1.99) | 0.08 | 0.933 | |
| Female | 5.32 (1.85) | 5.36 (1.95) | 0.86 | 0.389 | |
| Nonbinary | 4.67 (1.86) | 4.83 (2.04) | 1.00 | 0.317 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 5.24 (1.96) | 5.23 (2.02) | −0.01 | 0.992 | |
| No | 5.39 (1.76) | 5.35 (1.88) | 0.42 | 0.674 | |
| Utility and Productivity | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 5.69 (1.84) | 5.93 (1.62) | 4.41 | <0.001 | |
| Urban | 5.61 (2.06) | 6.01 (2.01) | 3.98 | <0.001 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 5.46 (2.00) | 5.74 (1.88) | 2.39 | 0.017 | |
| Female | 5.73 (1.92) | 6.06 (1.83) | 4.82 | <0.001 | |
| Nonbinary | 4.83 (2.71) | 6.17 (1.72) | 1.84 | 0.066 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 5.76 (2.05) | 6.16 (1.92) | 3.76 | <0.001 | |
| No | 5.59 (1.83) | 5.89 (1.73) | 3.69 | <0.001 | |
| Maps, Navigation, and Wayfinding | Community: | ||||
| Rural | 3.46 (1.72) | 3.19 (1.61) | −2.79 | <0.001 | |
| Urban | 4.62 (2.06) | 4.12 (2.12) | −4.64 | <0.001 | |
| Gender: | |||||
| Male | 4.45 (2.14) | 3.93 (2.10) | −3.52 | <0.001 | |
| Female | 4.03 (1.95) | 3.66 (1.93) | −4.24 | <0.001 | |
| Nonbinary | 3.33 (1.86) | 3.33 (1.86) | 0.00 | 1.00 | |
| Workplace (home/not): | |||||
| Yes | 4.56 (2.03) | 4.00 (2.04) | −5.28 | <0.001 | |
| No | 3.69 (1.85) | 3.48 (1.75) | −0.77 | 0.441 | |