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. 2022 Jul 7;44(7):3118–3130. doi: 10.3390/cimb44070215

Table 2.

Probiotic properties of non-pathogenic Clostridium butyricum strains.

Probiotic Properties Literature
C. butyricum

  • Production of SCFAs 1, especially butyrate;

  • Improving gastrointestinal barrier function;

  • Alleviating inflammation;

  • Preventing Escherichia coli and Clostridioides difficile infections;

  • Preventing the permeation of toxins and antigens;

  • Facilitating the absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and water;

  • Production of anti-inflammatory lipid metabolites (palmitoleic acid prostaglandin metabolites);

  • Stimulation of anti-inflammatory Treg cells;

  • Supporting effect in type 1 diabetes treatment;

  • Positive impact on therapeutic efficacy of ICI 2 in patients with cancer;

  • Inhibitory in vivo effect on CRC 3 development;

  • Decreasing effect on IL-6 and IL-10 release;

  • Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

 [15,17,29,38,39,41,42,44,45,47,48,49,50,51,53,54,56,57,58,59,60]

1 SCFA = short-chain fatty acids; 2 CI = immune checkpoint inhibitors; 3 CRC = colorectal cancer.