Table 3.

Description of care practices reported in included studies

Author	Appropriate pool described	Induction method	Intermittent auscultation	Perineum method	Third-stage management	Placenta and membranes
Bailey et al30	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	Active	Out of Pool
Barry et al31	Yes	None	Mixed	Hands Off	Active	n.d.
Benfield et al32	No	n.d.	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Bovbjerg et al33	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Cluett et al34	Yes	None	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
da Silva et al35	No	n.d.	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Eckert et al36	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Geisbuehler et al38	No	n.d.	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Geissbuehler et al39	No	n.d.	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Geissbuhler et al38	No	n.d.	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Haslinger et al40	No	n.d.	n.d.	Hands On	n.d.	n.d.
Henderson et al41	No	n.d.	n.d.	Hands Off	Active	n.d.
Hodgson et al42	No	n.d.	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Jacoby et al43	No	None	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Lathrop et al44	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Lim et al45	No	n.d.	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Liu et al46	No	n.d.	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Mallen-Perez et al47	Yes	None	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Menakaya et al48	Yes	None	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Mollamahmutoglu et al49	Yes	n.d.	Yes	Hands Off	Active	n.d.
Neiman et al50	No	None	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Ohlsson et al51	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Otigbah et al52	Yes	n.d.	Yes	Hands Off	Active	Out of Pool
Pagano et al13	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Peacock et al53	No	None	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Preston et al54	No	None	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Ros et al55	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Sert et al,56	Yes	None	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Snapp et al57	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Thoeni et al58	No	n.d.	n.d.	Hands On	n.d.	n.d.
Torkamani et al59	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Ulfsdottir et al60	Yes	None	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Woodward and Kelly61	No	None	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Zanetti-Dällenbach et al62	No	n.d.	No	n.d.	Active	In Pool
Zanetti-Dallenbach et al63	No	n.d.	No	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Ziolkowski et al64	No	n.d.	Yes	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.

n.d. Care practice not described in the paper in methods or results.