TABLE 1.

Nanodrugs manipulating ER stress for highly effective antitumor therapy.

Category	Nanodrugs	Factors that induce or amplify ER stress	Tumor/ER-targeting strategies	Ref.
ER stress–inducing nanodrugs for cancer treatment
In situ formation–based ER-targeted nanoparticles	Phosphotetrapeptide (1P)-based assemblies	\	d-phosphotyrosine	Feng et al. (2018)
	branched peptide (1)–based assemblies	\	KYDKKKKDG substance	Kim et al. (2021)
	1-Nap nanofiber	\	RVRR substance	Fu et al. (2020)
Nanocarriers with small-molecule drugs	Cc/Glt NM	Curcumin	\	Cheng et al. (2020)
	PRN@MSN	Propranolol;	\	Wu et al. (2020)
		Mesoporous silica nanoparticle
	GNS@MSNs-FA/Ly	Gold nanostars;	Folate	Hu et al. (2021)
		Lycorine
Multifunctional photosensitizer–based nanodrugs	Ru-1@TPP-PEG-biotin SAN	Ruthenium complex 1;	Biotin	Purushothaman et al. (2020)
		Tetraphenylporphyrin
	RDDG/DC	2-deoxy-glucose;	ROS-sensitive bond	Dong et al. (2019)
		Dithiophene-benzotriazole groups
Nanodrug-based strategies to amplify ER stress for immunotherapy
ER-targeting nanodrugs based on ICD inducers	Ds-sP/TCPP-TER NPs	Meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin	Reduction-sensitive polymeric;	Deng et al. (2020)
	FAL-ICG-HAuNS	Indocyanine green;	p-toluene sulfonyl group	Li et al. (2019)
		Gold nanospheres	Pardaxin peptides
ER stress–inducing nanodrugs combined with ICD inducers	3-NPs	Cisplatin;	pH sensitivity;	Liu et al. (2019)
		Adjudin;	GSH sensitivity
		WKYMVm
	ETP-PtFeNP	Oxaliplatin;	α-enolase targeting peptide	Chen et al. (2019)
		Magnetic nanoparticle