Table 2. Multivariable Logistic Regression of Factors Associated With Good Outcome at 1 Year Among Patients With Large Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) and Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH) and Poor Outcome (mRS 4-5) at Day 30.
| Factora | aOR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Survivors with large IVH in CLEAR-III (n = 292) | ||
| Baseline characteristics | ||
| Age, per y | 0.93 (0.90-0.97) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 4.52 (2.12-9.63) | <.001 |
| Racei | ||
| Black | 1.10 (0.47-2.57) | .83 |
| White | [Reference] | NA |
| Otherb | 1.17 (0.25-5.50) | .85 |
| Hispanic ethnicityi | 0.82 (0.31-2.20) | .70 |
| Admission IVH volume (per 1-mL increase) c | 0.95 (0.93-0.97) | <.001 |
| Stability ICH volume (per 1-mL increase) | 0.93 (0.88-0.99) | .02 |
| Thalamic location of hematoma | 0.26 (0.11-0.64) | .003 |
| NIHSS score (per 1-point increase)d | 0.96 (0.93-0.99) | .02 |
| Leukoaraiosis (vSS score: per 1-point increase)e | 0.64 (0.50-0.82) | <.001 |
| 30-d In-hospital events | ||
| Intraventricular thrombolytic therapy | 0.45 (0.23-0.89) | .02 |
| Resolution of IVH by day 30f | 2.66 (1.26-5.63) | .011 |
| Resolution of ICH by day 30f | 3.84 (1.50-9.84) | .005 |
| Any CPP reading <60 mm Hg | 0.30 (0.13-0.71) | .006 |
| Any ICP reading >30 mm Hg | 1.80 (0.85-3.84) | .13 |
| Sepsis | 0.05 (0.004-0.804) | .03 |
| Need for gastrostomy placement | 0.38 (0.19-0.78) | .008 |
| Mechanical ventilation duration, per d | 0.96 (0.92-1.00) | .07 |
| Survivors with large ICH in MISTIE-III (n = 330) | ||
| Baseline characteristics | ||
| Age, per y | 0.90 (0.88-0.93) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 1.40 (0.76-2.59) | .28 |
| Racei | ||
| Black | 0.89 (0.41-1.91) | .76 |
| White | [Reference] | NA |
| Otherb | 2.34 (0.80-6.84) | .12 |
| Hispanic ethnicityi | 1.09 (0.47-2.54) | .85 |
| Presence of IVH | 0.31 (0.16-0.60) | <.001 |
| Deep location of hematoma | 0.12 (0.05-0.27) | <.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 0.35 (0.17-0.69) | .003 |
| NIHSS score (per 1-point increase)d | 0.94 (0.89-0.99) | .02 |
| Severe leukoaraiosise | 0.28 (0.14-0.55) | <.001 |
| Stability ICH volume (per 1-mL increase) | 0.98 (0.96-0.99) | .048 |
| 30-d In-hospital events | ||
| Need for ICP monitoring | 0.35 (0.12-0.98) | .05 |
| Need for gastrostomy tube | 0.40 (0.21-0.78) | .007 |
| MISTIE treatment assignment | 1.04 (0.57-1.91) | .89 |
| ICH and IVH survivors (combined cohorts; n = 429) | ||
| Baseline characteristics | ||
| Age, per y | 0.92 (0.90-0.95) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 1.28 (0.76-2.14) | .35 |
| Racei | ||
| Black | 0.69 (0.37-1.30) | .25 |
| White | [Reference] | NA |
| Otherb | 1.22 (0.42-3.55) | .71 |
| Hispanic ethnicityi | 0.75 (0.38-1.50) | .42 |
| Stability ICH volume (per 1-mL increase) | 0.96 (0.94-0.98) | .001 |
| Admission IVH volume (per 1-mL increase)c | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) | .06 |
| Deep location of hematoma | 0.09 (0.04-0.22) | <.001 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 0.50 (0.26-0.96) | .04 |
| NIHSS score (per 1-point increase)d | 0.93 (0.90-0.96) | <.001 |
| Severe leukoariosise | 0.30 (0.16-0.54) | <.001 |
| Pineal gland shift (per 1-mm increase)g | 0.87 (0.76-0.99) | .04 |
| 30-d In-hospital events | ||
| Resolution of ICH by day 30f | 1.82 (1.08-3.04) | .02 |
| Resolution of IVH by day 30f | 2.19 (1.02-4.68) | .04 |
| Persistent hydrocephalus at day 30f | 0.37 (0.14-0.98) | .04 |
| Ischemic stroke | 0.45 (0.21-0.96) | .04 |
| Need for gastrostomy | 0.30 (0.17-0.50) | <.001 |
| Trial cohort (MISTIE-III vs CLEAR-III) | 0.94 (0.33-2.62) | .90 |
Abbreviations: CLEAR-III, Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage Phase 3 Trial; CPP, cerebral perfusion pressure; CT, computed tomography; FS, Fazekas Scale; ICP, intracranial pressure; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; MISTIE-III, Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Alteplase for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Phase 3 Trial; mRS, modified Rankin Scale score; NA, not applicable; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; vSS, van Sweiten Scale.
Covariates selected based on a significance of P < .20 in the bivariate regression.
Includes Asian, Native American, and Pacific Islander, consolidated owing to small numbers.
Admission IVH volume was not available in 2 patients in CLEAR-III and 13 in MISTIE-III.
NIHSS score was missing in 26 patients in CLEAR-III.
van Swieten scale (vSS): CT grading scale for leukoaraiosis severity ranging from 0 to 4 (used in CLEAR-III); FS score: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading scale from leukoaraiosis severity ranging from 0 to 6, combining deep and periventricular regions (used in MISTIE-III). Severe leukoaraiosis defined as total FS score >3 or deep FS score 2 to 3 for MISTIE-III and vSS ≥3 for CLEAR-III; FS score was missing in 45 patients in MISTIE-III.
Resolution of ICH was defined as ICH volume of 0 mL on day 30 CT; resolution of IVH defined as modified Graeb score of 0 on day 30 CT; day 30 CT IVH resolution was not available in 83 patients, and ICH resolution and hydrocephalus were not available in 42 patients.
Pineal gland shift data were not available in 79 patients in CLEAR-III and 85 in MISTIE-III.
Pineal gland shift data were not available in 79 patients in CLEAR-III and 85 in MISTIE-III.
Race and ethnicity data were included to account form racial and ethnic variances in ICH outcomes. Race and ethnicity were collected by trial investigators from review of medical records.