| AA | amino acid |
| ACSL | long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| aRCMs | adult rat cardiomyocytes |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| FA | long-chain fatty acids |
| FBP | fructose-1,6-bisphosphate |
| GSV | GLUT4 storage vesicles |
| hiPSC-CMs | human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes |
| HP | high palmitate |
| IRAP | insulin-regulated aminopeptidase |
| LP | low palmitate |
| M6P | mannose-6-phosphate |
| mTORC1 | mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| PI3K | phosphoinositol-3 kinase |
| PKA | protein kinase A |
| Rheb | Ras homolog enriched in brain |
| v-ATPase | vacuolar-type H+-ATPase |
| VAMP | vesicle-associated membrane protein |