Table 4.
Fatal influenza myopericarditis cases.
| Reference | Age/Sex | Co-morbidities | Presenting Symptoms | Symptom Duration | Influenza Type | Cardiac Involvement | Cardiogenic Shock | Cardiac Tamponade | Pericardial Drainage | Medical Management | Circulatory Support | Time to Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas et al. (2019) [27] | 23 F | None | AFI, dyspnea, | 3 days | Influenza A (H1N1) | Myopericarditis | Yes | No | No | Oseltamivir | Vasopressors/inotropes | 1 day |
| Lefeuvre et al. (2018) [2] | 14 F | None | AFI, dyspnea, collapse | not reported | Influenza A (H3N2) | Myopericarditis | Yes | Yes | No | None | Vasopressors/inotropes | 1 day |
| Roto et al. (2018) [31] | 57 F | None | AFI, dyspnea, AMS | 7 days | Influenza B | Myopericarditis | No | Yes | Pericardiocentesis (90 mL) | Not reported | Vasopressors/inotropes | not reported |
| Davidovic et al (2016) [39] | 19 M | None | AFI, chest pain | 2 days | Influenza A (H1N1) | Myopericarditis | Yes | No | No | NSAIDs | Vasopressors/inotropes | several hours |
| Lee et al. (2012) [48] | 8 F | Previous viral myocarditis | AFI, chest pain, vomiting | 2 days | Influenza A (H1N1) | Myopericarditis | Yes | No | No | Oseltamivir, IVIG | Vasopressors/inotropes | 2 days |
| Khouzam et al (2011) [50] | 36 M | childhood asthma | AFI, dyspnea, nausea, diarrhea | 21 days | Influenza A (H1N1) | Myopericarditis | Yes | No | Pericardiocentesis (700 mL) | Oseltamivir, peramivir | vasopressors/inotropes, catheter based VAD | 18 h |
| Frank et al. (2010) [54] | 5 F | None | AFI, abdominal pain | 7 days | Influenza B | Myopericarditis | Yes | No | No | Not reported | Vasopressors/inotropes | 1 day |
| Puzelli et al. (2010) [56] | 11 F | None | AFI, dyspnea | 3 days | Influenza A (H1N1) | Myopericarditis | No | Yes | Autopsy (150 mL) | None | No | not reported |
| Gerberding et al. (2004) [64] | 18 M | Obesity, HLD | AFI, pleuritic chest pain, mottled skin | 5 days | Influenza A | Myopericarditis | Yes | No | Autopsy (400 mL) | Not reported | Vasopressors/inotropes | 36 h |
| Takehana et al. (2003) [66] | 75 M | not reported | AFI | not reported | Influenza A | Myopericarditis | Yes | No | No | Not reported | IABP | 24 days |
| Nolte et al. (2000) [69] | 11 F | None | AFI, collapse | 7 days | Influenza A (H3N2) | Myopericarditis | No | Yes | Autopsy (40 mL) | None | No | Died before hospitalization |
Legend: HLD—hyperlipidemia; AFI—acute febrile illness; AMS—altered mental status; NSAIDs—non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; IVIG—intravenous immunoglobulin; VAD—ventricular assist device; IABP—intra-aortic balloon pump.