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Schematic of a virus-like particle (VLP), where the surface is made up of antigens (e.g., capsid proteins) that have been embedded into the natural lipid bilayer (surrounding cell membrane) to form enveloped VLPs. (a) Non-enveloped VLPs contain single or multiple capsid proteins only. Neither type of VLP contains infectious material (e.g., DNA/RNA). (b) The formulation of double layer enveloped VLPs is related to the multiple glycoproteins on their surface.
