Table 1.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of advanced HCC at diagnosis.

Variable	Whole population		Training cohort		Validation cohort		P value
	n	%	n	%	n	%
	3,103		2,175		928
Age year
<65	1,878	60.52	1,308	60.14	570	61.42	0.53
>65	1,225	39.48	867	39.86	358	38.58
Race
Black	574	18.50	382	17.56	192	20.69	0.12
White	1,871	60.30	1,325	60.92	546	58.84
Other	658	21.21	468	21.52	190	20.47
Sex
F	600	19.34	417	19.17	183	19.72	0.72
M	2,503	80.66	1,758	80.83	745	80.28
AJCC Stages a
III	1,722	55.49	1,210	55.63	512	55.17	0.81
IV	1,381	44.51	965	44.37	416	44.83
Tumor size
0–5 cm	1,530	49.31	1,052	48.37	478	51.51	0.20
5–10 cm	1,444	46.54	1,027	47.22	417	44.94
>10 cm	129	4.16	96	4.41	33	3.56
Number
1	2,687	86.59	1,883	86.57	804	86.64	0.96
>1	416	13.41	292	13.43	124	13.36
Regional nodes
Negative	2,364	76.18	1,662	76.41	702	75.65	0.33
Not examined	112	3.61	84	3.86	28	3.02
Positive	627	20.21	429	19.72	198	21.34
Treatment
No operation	2,819	90.85	1,987	91.36	832	89.66	0.31
Local tumor destruction	96	3.09	63	2.90	33	3.56
Hepatectomy or transplant	188	6.06	125	5.75	63	6.79
Radiation
Yes	482	15.53	355	16.32	127	13.69	0.06
No	2,621	84.47	1,820	83.68	801	86.31
Chemotherapy
Yes	1,385	44.63	963	44.28	422	45.47	0.53
No	1,718	55.37	1,212	55.72	506	54.53
DX bone b
Yes	313	10.09	234	10.76	79	8.51	0.06
No	2,790	89.91	1,941	89.24	849	91.49
DX lung
Yes	397	12.79	273	12.55	124	13.36	0.55
No	2,706	87.21	1,902	87.45	807	86.96
Marital
Married	1,511	48.69	1,073	49.33	438	47.20	0.21
Divorced	736	23.72	497	22.85	239	25.75
Single	856	27.59	605	27.82	251	27.05

^aAJCC Stages: The seventh edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging system.

^bDX, distant metastasis.