Table 3.

Stratified analysis of famine exposure and metabolic syndrome by sex, BMI, famine severity, location of residence and area of the country, OR (95% CI).

Stratification Factors	Non-Exposed Group	Fetal Exposure Group	Early Childhood Exposure Group	Middle Childhood Exposure Group	Late Childhood Exposure Group
Sex
Male	1.00 (Ref.)	1.33 (0.96–1.84)	1.42 (0.94–2.14)	1.28 (0.81–2.00)	1.35 (0.82–2.23)
Female	1.00 (Ref.)	1.21 (0.93–1.56)	1.51 (1.08–2.12) *	1.73 (1.20–2.49) *	2.01 (1.33–3.04) *
BMI, kg/m²
<24	1.00 (Ref.)	1.02 (0.72–1.46)	1.25 (0.80–1.96)	1.13 (0.69–1.83)	1.10 (0.64–1.89)
≥24	1.00 (Ref.)	1.38 (1.07–1.78) *	1.59 (1.15–2.20) *	1.79 (1.25–2.56) *	2.17 (1.45–3.24) *
Famine severity
Less severe	1.00 (Ref.)	1.14 (0.84–1.53)	1.38 (0.94–2.02)	1.48 (0.97–2.26)	1.44 (0.89–2.33)
Serious	1.00 (Ref.)	1.34 (1.01–1.77) *	1.54 (1.08–2.21) *	1.56 (1.06–2.30) *	1.91 (1.24–2.93) *
Residence location
City	1.00 (Ref.)	1.38 (1.02–1.86) *	1.71 (1.16–2.51) *	1.80 (1.18–2.74) *	2.04 (1.27–3.28) *
Countryside	1.00 (Ref.)	1.11 (0.84–1.47)	1.25 (0.88–1.79)	1.28 (0.87–1.88)	1.40 (0.91–2.17)
Area of the country
South	1.00 (Ref.)	1.32 (0.98–1.77)	1.75 (1.20–2.57) *	1.64 (1.08–2.48) *	1.93 (1.22–3.07) *
North	1.00 (Ref.)	1.15 (0.87–1.52)	1.20 (0.84–1.71)	1.40 (0.94–2.07)	1.48 (0.95–2.31)

OR (95% CI) adjusted for sex, age, area of the country, location of residence, education, income, smoking, drinking, physical activity, dietary patterns, family history of hypertension, family history of diabetes and BMI, famine severity, which did not include stratification factors. * p < 0.05.