Table 1.
Characteristics of participants by hearing status
| All | Hearing status | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Fair | Poor | |||
| Number of participants (%) | 8,962 | 2,256 (25.2) | 6,094 (68.0) | 612 (6.8) | - |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 60.2 (7.8) | 58.3 (7.1) | 60.3 (7.6) | 65.9 (8.9) | < 0.001 |
| Age group, years, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| 50–59 | 54.6 | 65.6 | 53.1 | 28.4 | |
| 60–69 | 30.5 | 25.0 | 32.2 | 33.3 | |
| ≥ 70 | 15.0 | 9.4 | 14.7 | 38.2 | |
| Sex, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Women | 74.3 | 77.1 | 74.3 | 63.6 | |
| Men | 25.8 | 22.9 | 25.8 | 36.4 | |
| Occupation, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Manual | 62.4 | 58.1 | 63.1 | 70.9 | |
| Non-manual | 20.8 | 22.2 | 20.9 | 14.9 | |
| Other | 16.8 | 19.7 | 16.0 | 14.2 | |
| Education, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| ≤ Primary | 38.1 | 29.3 | 39.6 | 55.2 | |
| Middle school | 53.6 | 61.0 | 52.5 | 37.6 | |
| ≥ College | 8.3 | 9.8 | 7.9 | 7.2 | |
| Family income, CNY/year, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| < 10,000 | 5.5 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 11.0 | |
| 10,000–29,999 | 30.8 | 30.4 | 30.7 | 33.5 | |
| 30,000–49,999 | 25.7 | 31.7 | 24.3 | 17.4 | |
| ≥ 50,000 | 22.0 | 23.8 | 22.2 | 14.2 | |
| Not know | 16.1 | 10.0 | 17.5 | 24.0 | |
| Smoking status, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Never | 81.8 | 83.3 | 82.0 | 74.4 | |
| Former | 7.8 | 6.8 | 7.8 | 11.8 | |
| Current | 10.3 | 9.8 | 10.2 | 13.9 | |
| Alcohol use, % | 0.01 | ||||
| Never | 54.0 | 51.1 | 54.8 | 56.5 | |
| Former | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 6.4 | |
| Current | 40.7 | 43.8 | 39.9 | 37.1 | |
| Self-rated health, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Good/ very good | 78.5 | 84.1 | 77.9 | 63.9 | |
| Poor /very poor | 21.5 | 15.9 | 22.1 | 36.1 | |
| Comorbidities, % | 0.01 | ||||
| No | 88.9 | 90.3 | 88.8 | 85.6 | |
| Yes | 11.1 | 9.7 | 11.2 | 14.4 | |
| Social isolation, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 66.7 | 72.0 | 66.1 | 53.4 | |
| Yes | 33.3 | 28.0 | 33.9 | 46.6 | |
| GDS-15 score, median (IQR) | 2.0 (2.0) | 1.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.0 (3.0) | < 0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 85.3 | 90.9 | 84.1 | 76.0 | |
| Yes | 14.7 | 9.1 | 15.9 | 24.0 | |
SD Standard deviation, CNY Chinese Yuan, GDS-15 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale, IQR Interquartile rang