Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Jul 13;14(14):2868. doi: 10.3390/nu14142868

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

LPS-induced changes in hippocampal cytokines. Difference scores of cytokines after an immune challenge of LPS. There was an effect of ethanol exposure or choline supplementation on the following change in levels after LPS exposure for the following cytokines: (A) IFN-ɣ (EtOH + Choline > EtOH + Saline, * p < 0.05), (B) IL-13 (EtOH + Choline > EtOH + Saline, * p < 0.05), (C) IL-6 (EtOH < Sham, * p < 0.05), (D) IL-1β (EtOH < Sham, * p < 0.05), (E) TNF-α (EtOH < Sham, * p < 0.05), (F) KC/GRO (Choline < Saline, ^ p < 0.10), (G) IL-5 (Choline > Saline, * p < 0.05 and EtOH < Sham * p < 0.05), and (H) IL-10 (EtOH + Choline > EtOH + Saline, * p < 0.05). n = 21–22 per group.