Table 2.
Studies investigating the effects of hesperidin, hesperetin, or metabolites on endothelial function markers in animal studies.
| Author, Year, Country |
Sample Characteristics |
Intervention Characteristics |
Intervention Duration |
Endothelial Function Outcomes (Hesperidin or Hesperetin vs. Control Groups) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Maneesai et al.
[86]
2018 Thailand |
Male Sprague–Dawley rats with hypertension (treated with L-NAME) |
Hesperidin, 15 mg/kg/day and 30 mg/kg/day |
5 weeks | ↓SBP, DBP ↑plasma NOx |
|
Yamamoto et al.
[87]
2013 Japan |
Male SHRs | Hesperetin, HPT7G, HPT3′G 5 mg/kg |
3 min | ↓SBP (hesperetin, HPT7G) =SBP (HPT3′G) =DBP (hesperetin, HPT7G, HPT3′G) |
|
Yamamoto et al.
[87]
2013 Japan |
Thoracic aortic rings from SHRs and WKY rats | HPT7G HPT3′G 100 µM |
20 min |
SHRs: ↑ACh-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation (HPT7G) =Ach-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation (HPT3′G) =SNP-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation (HPT7G, HPT3′G) WKY: =ACh-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation (HPT7G, HPT3′G) =SNP-induced endothelium-independent vasodilation (HPT7G, HPT3′G) |
↑: statistically significant increase; ↓: statistically significant decrease; = no significant change. Abbreviations: L-NAME = Nω-nitro L-arginine methyl ester; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; Nox = nitric oxide metabolites; SHRs = spontaneously hypertensive rats; HPT7G = hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide; HPTG’3 = hesperetin-3′-O-glucuronide; WKY = Wistar Kyoto; Ach = acetylcholine; SNP = sodium nitroprusside.