Table 1.
Definition of infection described in studies.
| Authors (Year) | Definition of Infection |
|---|---|
| Diamond et al. (2021) [21] | Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal joint prosthesis. |
| Florschütz et al. (2015) [22] | Positive results on a joint fluid culture, a synovial/bone tissue culture. |
| Morris et al. (2015) [23] | Positive results on a joint fluid culture, a synovial/bone tissue culture. |
| Richards et al. (2014) [24] | Purulent drainage from the deep incision, fever, localized pain or tenderness, a positive deep culture. A diagnosis of deep infection made by the operating surgeon based on intraoperative findings. |
| Singh et al. (2012) [25] | Positive joint fluid culture from a needle aspiration, arthroscopic procedure, fluid obtained at surgery, or fluid draining from a wound communicating with the humerus. Clinically suspected septic arthritis plus either culture-negative purulent or serosanguineous joint fluid or necrotic joint tissue (or culture not performed) or positive blood culture Frank pus/purulent material at surgery/positive synovial or bone tissue culture. |
| Werthel et al. (2017) [26] | Positive joint fluid culture from needle aspiration, arthroscopic procedure, fluid obtained at surgery. Fluid draining from a wound communicating with the humerus or positive synovial or bone tissue culture. |
| Everhart et al. (2017) [27] | ICD-9 code: osteomyelitis (730.00–730.99), septic arthritis (711.0), abscess, cellulitis (682), and infection or inflammatory reaction resulting from the joint implant or other hardware (996.66 or 996.67). |
| Johansson et al. (2017) [28] | Bacterial growth in more than 2 out of 5 cultures |
| Nezwek et al. (2021) [29] | Prosthetic shoulder infection was ultimately diagnosed using major and minor criteria updated by the Musculoskeletal Infection Society in 2011. |
| Nagaya et al. (2017) [30] | According to IDSA guidelines by the presence of a sinus tract communicating with the prosthesis, histopathological analyses with the presence of inflammatory cells. Visible purulence surrounding the prosthesis, and/or identical microorganisms isolated from two or more cultures. |
ICD, International Classification of Diseases; IDSA, Infectious Diseases Society of America.