Table 1.

Amounts of consumed egg protein, effects on skeletal muscle health, and practical implications.

Subject Population	Weight Management or Loss	Protein Intake (g/kg Body Weight/Day or g in Single Dose)	Protein Metabolism/Body Composition	Practical Implications	Authors
Healthy young men	N/A	0, 5, 10, 20, 40 g egg protein after resistance exercise	Maximal muscle protein synthesis reached with 20 g dose	20 g egg protein is optimal single dose for young males	Moore et al. (2009) [46]
Young female athletes	Slight reduction, no difference between groups	1.0 (daily 15 g egg white protein) vs. 1.2 for 8 weeks	No differences in body composition or strength changes between groups	15 g dose egg protein as part of 1.2 g/kg/day is not sufficient for female athletes	Hida et al. (2012) [48]
Young males	No change	1.3 (daily 15 g egg white protein) with and without exercise vs. no supplement with exercise for 5 weeks	Egg white protein and resistance exercise increased skeletal muscle mass and strength, reduced fat mass	15 g dose egg protein as part of 1.3 g/kg/day diet may be sufficient for young resistance trained males	Kato et al. (2011) [50]
Resistance-trained young males	Increased for both groups	1.5 for both groups, 3 whole eggs vs. isonitrogenous source of egg whites	Improved body composition for both groups, larger reduction in body fat percentage and greater increases in strength for the whole egg group, trend of greater lean body mass gains with whole eggs	Three whole eggs or an isonitrogenous amount of egg whites is potentially beneficial for trained males consuming 1.5 g/kg/day of protein, whole eggs may have added benefits	Bagheri et al. (2021) [51]
Older men and women	No change	0.9 vs. 1.2 (focused on egg protein) for 12 weeks	No difference in body composition or skeletal muscle	1.2 g/kg/day, with a focus on eggs is not sufficient for older individuals	Iglay et al. (2009) [49]
Older men and women	Loss for both groups (−3.3%)	0.8 vs. 1.4 with 3 eggs per day for 12 weeks	Lean body mass preserved with 1.4, reduced for 0.8	Sarcopenia is countered by 1.4 g/kg/day with eggs vs. 0.8 during weight loss	Wright et al. (2018) [83]