Table 1.

Self-adjuvanting nanovaccines for cancer therapy

Self-adjuvanting nanovaccines for cancer therapy
Nanovaccine	Immune modulation	Mechanism	Refs.
SPIO-OVA	IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ↑	Cross-presentation↑	[42–44]
α-Al2O3-OVA	CD8+T↑	Autophagy-related cross-presentation↑	[45]
γ-PGA-OVA	IgG2a, IgG2c, T cells, CTL↑	TLR4 and MyD88-dependent signaling pathway	[52–54]
VSSP-E7(p)	IFN-γ, IL-10, CD8+T↑	TLR4	[56, 58]
(R)-DOTAP-E7	IFN-γ, DC, CD4+T, CD8+T↑	TLR7, TLR9	[61, 62]
C1-mRNA	IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, DC↑	TLR4	[63]
CPTEG: CPH/OVA	IgG1, IFN-γ, IL-12, DC, CD8+T↑	TLR2, TLR4, TLR5	[64–68]
3DSNA-OVA	IL-12, IL-6, CTL↑	Phosphorylation of IKK-αβ, IkB-α, and p65 in BMDC↑, NF-κB activation	[71]
LDH-OVA, pcDNA3-OVA/LDH(R1)	IgG1, IgG2a, INF-γ, CTL↑	NF-κB	[72–74]
Ag-PMIDA-CoO	IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IgG1, IgG2, MΦ, CD4+T, CTL↑	TNF-α↑, NF-κB	[75, 76]
ECPs-OVA	DC, CTL↑	MyD88-dependent NF-κB	[77]
HMS-OVA, DMOHS‐2S-OVA MSR-PEI: OVA	IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells↑	NLRP3 inflammasome	[80–86]
AuNP-OVA	IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6, CD8 + T cells↑	NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB	[89–91]
PSM-OVA	IFN-I, TNF-α, IL-17a, DC↑, Th2↓	TRIF- and MAVS-dependent type I interferon secretion	[96]
PC7A-OVA	CTL, Th1, APCs↑	STING-dependent type I interferon secretion	[97, 99]
SeaMac	TNF-α, DC↑	STING	[100]
CNP-OVA Man-CTS-TCL	IgG, IL-2, IL-10, IFN-γ, NK↑	cGAS- and STING-dependent type I interferon secretion	[105–107]
PEI-4Bimi-OVA	IFN-I, DC, CTL↑	STING	[48]
VLPs	Ab, Th1, CTL, B cells ↑	Similar structure to viruses	[113]
CPMV, PVX, TMV, PapMV	IFN-γ, TNFα, M1, NK, DC, CD8+T↑	ssRNA, can activate TLR7/TL8	[118–122]
Archaeosome-OVA	DC, MΦ, CTL↑	Mimic the structure of microorganisms	[126]
Q11-MUC1, Q11-HPV16 E7 44–62	IgG2a, IgM, Th1, CTL↑, Th2↓	Unclear	[128–131]
CD-OVA	TNF-α, IFN-γ, DC↑	Unclear	[132]