Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the total cohort as well as the subgroups α, β, γ, and δ. BMI = body mass index, HDL = high-density lipoprotein, LDL = low-density lipoprotein. Data are presented as median and interquartile ranges (25th–75th quartile) or percentages.
| Group α | Group β | Group γ | Group δ | Total Cohort | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters: | Gain ≤ 2.9% (n = 9) | Gain > 2.9% (n = 32) | Gain ≤ 2.9% (n = 18) | Gain > 2.9% (n = 39) | (n = 98) |
| Age (years) | 50.3 ± 6.1 | 48.6 ± 7.9 | 50.4 ± 6.5 | 49.1 ± 6.0 | 49.3 ± 6.7 |
| Female sex (%) | 55.6% | 46.9% | 38.9% | 28.2% | 38.8% |
| Performance baseline (%) | 87.4% ± 9.9% | 88.8% ± 7.1% | 122.0% ± 16.8% | 116.0% ± 15.9% | 105.6% ± 19.7% |
| Performance study end (%) | 87.0% ± 9.1% | 101.0% ± 10.0% | 118.2% ± 18.0% | 128.2% ± 15.6% | 113.7% ± 20.0% |
| Performance gain (%) | −2.7% ± 4.3% | 12.2% ± 7.1% | −3.8% ± 4.9% | 12.1% ± 5.6% | 7.8% ± 9.1% |
| Body composition: | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 ± 4.2 | 28.5 ± 5.2 | 27.2 ± 3.8 | 26.8 ± 3.3 | 27.5 ± 4.2 |
| End of study BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 4.6 | 28.2 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 4.1 | 26.7 ± 3.2 | 27.4 ± 4.1 |
| Body fat (%) | 33.9% ± 3.3% | 31.6% ± 6.7% | 26.8% ± 9.1% | 27.8% ± 11.8% | 29.4% ± 9.5% |
| End of study body fat (%) | 31.5% ± 6.1% | 29.7% ± 7.3% | 26.7% ± 8.3% | 23.4% ± 8.41% | 26.3% ± 8.3% |
| Body muscle (%) | 32.2% ± 3.7% | 33.9% ± 4.1% | 34.3% ± 3.8% | 36.1% ± 4.0% | 34.7% ± 4.1% |
| End of study body muscle (%) | 32.4% ± 3.3% | 34.3% ± 4.5% | 34.4% ± 3.9% | 36.2% ± 3.9% | 34.9% ± 4.2% |
| Body water (%) | 48.6% ± 2.4% | 50.3% ± 4.9% | 53.8% ± 6.7% | 54.2% ± 5.9% | 52.3% ± 5.9% |
| End of study body water (%) | 50.4% ± 4.5% | 52.1% ± 5.5% | 53.9% ± 6.1% | 56.3% ± 6.2% | 53.9% ± 4.2% |
| Risk factors: | |||||
| Pack years | 22.4 ± 21.4 | 18.9 ± 15.8 | 12.2 ± 9.2 | 16.3 ± 14.6 | 17.1 ± 14.9 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 11.1% | 3.1% | 5.6% | 0.0% | 3.1% |
| Hypertension (%) | 33.3% | 43.8% | 33.3% | 23.1% | 32.7% |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 33.3% | 25.0% | 38.9% | 28.2% | 29.6% |
| Overweight (%) | 66.8% | 68.8% | 66.7% | 63.2% | 65.9% |
| Positive cardiac history (%) | 11.1% | 15.6% | 5.6% | 23.1% | 16.3% |
| Positive family history (%) | 66.8% | 43.8% | 50.0% | 38.5% | 44.9% |
| Laboratory values: | |||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 154 ± 86 | 149 ± 100 | 111 ± 72 | 119 ± 62 | 131 ± 81 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 52 ± 19 | 56 ± 22 | 62 ± 12 | 60 ± 15 | 59 ± 17 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 126 ± 50 | 117 ± 32 | 112 ± 29 | 116 ± 35 | 117 ± 34 |
| HbA1c (rel.%) | 5.5% ± 0.4% | 5.4% ± 0.8% | 5.5% ± 0.9% | 5.2% ± 0.3% | 5.3% ± 0.6% |
| proBNP (pg/mL) | 39 ± 27 | 59 ± 54 | 50 ± 35 | 32 ± 21 | 45 ± 39 |