Figure 3.

The plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-1B, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, MCP-1, and TNF-α of children with ADHD and with atopic disease (ADHD+ Allergy+ group, n = 41), children with ADHD and without allergy (ADHD+ Allergy− group, n = 74), children without ADHD and with allergy (ADHD− Allergy+ group, n = 23), and children without ADHD and without allergy (ADHD− Allergy− group, n = 49). Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to compare cytokine levels among the four groups of children, with age and gender as covariates. No significant group differences were found in the plasma levels of IFN-γ (F₃₂₁₉ = 1.84, p = 0.142), IL-1B (F₃₂₁₉ = 1.43, p = 0.237), IL-6 (F₃₂₁₉ = 0.87, p = 0460), IL-10 (F₃₂₁₉ = 1.12, p = 0.344), IL-13 (F₃₂₁₉ = 0.05, p = 0.986), IL-17 (F₃₂₁₉ = 0.85, p = 0.247), MCP-1 (F₃₂₁₉ = 0.70, p = 0.555), and TNF-α (F₃₂₁₉ = 2.12, p = 0.100).* p < 0.05 for post-hoc group comparison.