Table 9.

Traditional medicinal uses of Allium species.

Plant Species	Mode of Preparation	Traditional Medicinal Uses	Reference
A. cepa	Raw, juice of bulb or rhizome, paste, decoctions, cataplasm, maceration, infusion	Alopecia, antilithic (stone disease), anti-obesity, blood purifying, bronchitis, constipation, cardiovascular disease, cough, diabetes, eye diseases, erectile dysfunction, fever, hearing loss, headaches, hemorrhoids, epilepsy, oligomenorrhea, jaundice, lower gastrointestinal bleeding, prostate cancer, rheumatism, rubefacient, sinusitis, stomach pains, snake bites, skin diseases, teeth disorders, reduce flatulence, wound healing	[133,134,135]
A. sativum	Extracts of leaves or bulb	Antiseptic, anthelmintic, antithrombotic, antilipidemic, aphrodisiac, anti-greying of hair, bronchitis, carminative, cough, colic, cancers (gastric, prostate, colorectal adenomatous polyps, squamous cell carcinoma), diabetes, diaphoretic, dysentery, eczema, facial paralysis, fever, flatulence, galactagogue, high blood pressure, intestinal worms, liver disorders, rheumatism, scabies, tetanus, stomach pains, tuberculosis	[135,136,137,138,139]
A. umbilicatum	Raw or cooked bulb, leaves, flowers	Non-specific reduction in blood cholesterol levels, tonify digestive and circulatory systems	[116]
A. victoralis	Fresh, pickled, boiled and salted flowers, leaves and roots	Appetizer, amenorrhea, pediatric otitis, bronchitis, diarrhea, dropsy, expectorant, hypofunction of stomach, inflammatory eye diseases, meteorism, gastroenteritis, heart diseases (atherosclerosis), rheumatism	[140]
A. ascalonicum/A. cepa var aggregatum	Bulb and leaves	Allergies, appetizer, cold, cancers, fever, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, soothes nerves, diabetes, post-menopausal syndrome	[141,142,143,144,145]
A. chinense	Flower, leaves, roots, seedpods	Angina pectoris, astringent, bronchitis, carminative, chest pains, diarrhea, expectorant, pleurisy, tenesmus in cases of dysentery, reducing cholesterol, tonic to the digestive and circulatory systems	[146]
A. tuberosum	Raw or cooked leaves, roots, oils from seed	Asthma, abdominal pain, carminative, cuts and wounds, diabetes, diarrhea, kidney and bladder weakness, nocturnal emission, urinary incontinence, spermatorrhea, stomachic	[147]
A. griffithianum	Leaves and bulb	Carminative, colic indigestion, dyspepsia, diabetes control
A. oreoprasum	Leaves and bulb	Cough and cold, diabetes control, diarrhea, dysentery, fever, gastritis, oedema, headache, jaundice, stomachache, rheumatism, numbness of limbs	[124]