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. 2022 Jul 26;22:368. doi: 10.1186/s12870-022-03757-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — AAWE-treated rice plants have defects in the growth and development of root tip cells. A Microstructure of root tip cells by observing transection. Ep, epidermal layer; CP, cortical parenchyma; En, endothecium; P, pericycle. Scale bars = 100 μm. B Microstructure of root tip cells by observing longitudinal sections. Ep, epidermal layer; AM, apical meristem; QC, quiescent centre; RC, root cap. Scale bars = 200 μm. C Transmission electron microscopy of control and AAWE-treated root tip cells in rice. Two left panels, middle panels, and right panels indicate apical sections, single cells, and nuclei, respectively. 1, endoplasmic reticulum; 2, Golgi body; 3, vacuole; 4, nucleus; 5, fungi. Scale bars: 10 μm, 10 μm, and 1 μm (the first row runs from left to right); 10 μm, 1 μm, and 1 μm (the second row runs from left to right)