Table 2.
Clinical features of adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD)-like syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination in comparison with idiopathic AOSD (selected series).
| Authors. [Ref], Year | AOSD-like Syndrome Following COVID-19 Vaccination |
Kalyoncu U. [15], 2016 | Sfriso P. [16], 2016 | Hu QY. [17], 2019 | Nakamura H. [18], 2020 | Li R. [19], 2021 | Sugiyama T. [20], 2022 | Ruscitti P. [21], 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Turkey | Italy | China | Japan | China | Japan | Italy | |
| Type of study | Cases review | Retro., multicenter | Retro., multicenter | Retro., multicenter | Retro., multicenter | Retro., single center | Retro., multicenter | Retro., multicenter |
| Number of patients | 11 | 356 | 245 | 517 | 178 | 492 | 216 | 194 |
| Female, % | 63.6 | 59.0 | 47.3 | 72.0 | 70.2 | 78 | 75.9 | 47.4 |
| Age at onset, years, Median (Q1, Q3) | 36 (29, 45) | 30 | 38.8 | 37.7 | 42 | 37.1 ± 14.3 (mean ± SD) | 51.6 | 41 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||
| Fever, % | 100.0 | 95.8 | 92.6 | 91.3 | 96.1 | 98.6 | 99.5 | 98.5 |
| Arthralgia, % | 90.9 | 94.9 | 93 | 73.1 | 73.6 | 76.8 | 79.4 | 83.5 |
| Arthritis, % | 36.4 | 64.6 | 75.8 | 59.8 | ||||
| Skin rashes, % | 81.8 | 66.9 | 67.7 | 79.9 | 62.9 | 84.8 | 90.7 | 73.2 |
| Sore throat, % | 81.8 | 63.7 | 61.8 | 60.5 | 39.3 | 63.0 | 63.3 | 59.3 |
| Lymphadenopathy, % | 45.5 | 28.1 | 60.4 a | 51.1 | 37.1 | 51.0 | 63.5 | 52.1 |
| Hepatomegaly, % | 0 | 25.0 | 41.7 | 6.6 | 36.5 b | 6.7 | NA | 56.7 d |
| Splenomegaly, % | 18.2 | 25.0 | 60.4 a | 34.4 | 28.5 | 49.5 | 45.9 | |
| Pericarditis/pericardial effusion, % | 45.5 | 6.2 | 17.3 | 14.1 | 10 c | 5.9 | 7.4 | 20.6 |
| Myocarditis/cardiac dysfunction, % | 36.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | NA |
| Pleuritis/pleural effusions, % | 54.5 | 7.9 | NA | 23.9 | 10 c | NA | 12.5 | 19.1 |
| Pulmonary parenchyma involvement, % | 36.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 15.4 | 2.3 | 9.3 |
| Myalgia, % | 54.5 | 52.8 | NA | 32.5 | NA | 25.2 | NA | 60.3 |
| MAS | 9.1 | 2.5 | 2.9 | NA | 10.7 | 6.7 | 22.3 | 11.9 |
| Leukocytosis, % | 100.0 | 84.9 | 81.0 | 85.6 | 55.1 | NA | NA | 62.9 (>15,000) |
| Elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT), % | 9/10 (90.0) e | 50.4/47.9 | 53.5 | 61.6 | 53.9 | NA | 81 | 56.7 d |
| Negative RF, % | 11 | 99.1 | 96.2 | 94.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Negative ANA, % | 11 | 98 | 90.4 | 90.8 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Retro. = retrospective study, MAS = macrophage activation syndrome, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, NA = not available, RF = rheumatoid factors, ANA = anti-nuclear antibodies. a = lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly, b = hepatosplenomegaly, c = serositis, d = liver involvement, e = 9 out of 10 for whom the data were available.