Table 1.
Preoperative patient characteristics.
| Preoperative Characteristics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Propensity Score Match | |||||
| Control (n = 103) |
Hemoadsorption (n = 99) |
p Value | Control (n = 99) |
Hemoadsorption (n = 99) |
p Value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 69 [58;77] | 67 [58;75] | 0.612 | 68.0 [56.5;76.0] | 68.0 [56.5;76.0] | 0.745 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 [23.8;30.8] | 26.8 [24.0;30.6] | 0.891 | 26.4 [23.9;31.0] | 26.8 [24.0;30.6] | 0.951 |
| Gender (% male) | 83 (80.6%) | 81 (81.8%) | 0.964 | 79 (79.8%) | 81 (81.8%) | 0.857 |
| EuroScore II (%) | 9 [3.6;22.2] | 9.9 [5.5;21.8] | 0.805 | 8.95 [3.58;21.1] | 9.89 [5.5;21.8] | 0.705 |
| Native valve IE | 76 (37.6%) | 49 (24.1%) | 0.106 | 73 (73.7%) | 49 (24.1%) | 0.110 |
| Prosthetic valve IE | 27 (13.3%) | 40 (19.9%) | 0.169 | 27 (27.3%) | 40 (19.9%) | 0.218 |
| CAD | 28 (27.5%) | 28 (28.3%) | 1.000 | 25 (25.5%) | 28 (28.3%) | 0.781 |
| Diabetes Mellitus (II) | 25 (24.3%) | 23 (23.2%) | 0.993 | 25 (25.3%) | 23 (23.2%) | 0.868 |
| pAOD | 6 (5.8%) | 3 (3%) | 0.499 | 4 (4.04%) | 3 (3.03%) | 1.000 |
| History of CVI | 19 (18.4%) | 32 (32.3%) | 0.035 | 19 (19.2%) | 32 (32.3%) | 0.051 |
| Septic embolisms (last 3 weeks) | 19 (18.4%) | 21 (21.2%) | 0.752 | 19 (19.2%) | 21 (21.2%) | 0.860 |
| COPD | 20 (19.4%) | 14 (14.1%) | 0.416 | 18 (18.2%) | 14 (14.1%) | 0.562 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 4 (3.9%) | 6 (6.1%) | 0.533 | 4 (4.08%) | 6 (6.1%) | 0.747 |
| AF preop. | 20 (19.4%) | 27 (27.3%) | 0.248 | 20 (20.2%) | 27 (27.3%) | 0.316 |
| eGFRCKD-EPI (mL/min) | 62 [38;79] | 52 [40;74] | 0.380 | 62.0 [39.5;78.5] | 52.0 [40.0;74.0] | 0.340 |
| RRT preop. | 10 (9.7%) | 8 (8.1%) | 0.874 | 9 (9.09%) | 8 (8.1%) | 1.000 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 32 (31.1%) | 22 (23.2%) | 0.276 | 30 (30.3%) | 22 (23.2%) | 0.337 |
| Oral anticoagulant therapy | 13 (12.7%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0.772 | 12 (12.2%) | 10 (10.4%) | 0.861 |
| Clinical status | ||||||
| NYHA (III-IV) | 73 (70.9%) | 78 (78.8%) | 0.257 | 72 (72.7%) | 78 (78.8%) | 0.407 |
| Inotropes preop. | 36 (35.0%) | 40 (40.8%) | 0.477 | 35 (35.4%) | 40 (40.8%) | 0.520 |
| Septic shock (within 48 h) | 17 (16.5%) | 19 (19.2%) | 0.753 | 16 (16.2%) | 19 (19.2%) | 0.709 |
| Ventilated preop. | 12 (11.7%) | 9 (9.2%) | 0.733 | 12 (12.1%) | 9 (9.2%) | 0.662 |
| Laboratory Parameters | ||||||
| CRP (mg/dL) preop. | 6 [3;10.9] | 5 [2;10.3] | 0.166 | 6.1 [3.00;11.0] | 5.0 [2.0;10.3] | 0.146 |
| Platelets (×103/µL) preop. | 236 [160;307] | 238 [171;300] | 0.920 | 237 [157;314] | 238 [171;300] | 0.983 |
| WBC (×103/µL) preop. | 9.7 [7.3;14.1] | 8.5 [6.2;12.5] | 0.077 | 9.30 [7.25;14.4] | 8.50 [6.2;12.5] | 0.086 |
| Hb (g/dL) preop. | 10.2 [9.1;11.4] | 10.1 [9.1;11.5] | 0.836 | 10.3 [9.15;11.5] | 10.1 [9.1;11.5] | 0.999 |
| Lactate (mmol/l) at start of surgery | 0.8 [0.6;1.1] | 0.7 [0.5;1] | 0.183 | 0.80 [0.60;1.10] | 0.70 [0.5;1.0] | 0.199 |
| Echocardiographic/Radiologic Characteristics | ||||||
| LV-EF lower than 50% | 29 (28.2%) | 23 (23.2%) | 0.523 | 25 (25.3%) | 23 (23.2%) | 0.868 |
| Vegetations | 98 (95.1%) | 94 (94.9%) | 1.000 | 94 (94.9%) | 94 (94.9%) | 1.000 |
| Paravalvular extension or abscess | 37 (35.9%) | 44 (44.4%) | 0.275 | 36 (36.4%) | 44 (44.4%) | 0.311 |
| Concomitant right-sided endocarditis | 5 (4.9%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.446 | 5 (5.05%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.445 |
| Causative infective agent | ||||||
| Staphylococcus spec. | 40 (38.8%) | 31 (32.0%) | 0.385 | 40 (40.4%) | 31 (32.0%) | 0.280 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 26 (26%) | 19 (21.3%) | 0.563 | 26 (27.1%) | 19 (21.3%) | 0.461 |
| Streptococcus species | 29 (29%) | 18 (20.2%) | 0.221 | 26 (27.1%) | 18 (20.2%) | 0.357 |
| Enterococcus faecalis | 13 (13%) | 15 (16.9%) | 0.590 | 13 (13.5%) | 15 (16.9%) | 0.672 |
| Gram-bacteria | 5 (4.9%) | 5 (5.1%) | 1.000 | 5 (5.10%) | 5 (5.1%) | 1.000 |
| Antibiotic therapy (d) preop. | 6 [2;11] | 5 [3;10.8] | 0.702 | 6 [2;11] | 5 [3;11] | 0.850 |
Data are presented as median [interquartile range], mean (standard deviation), or n (%). AF: atrial fibrillation; BMI: body mass index; CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration—for the equation see Section 2; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; c-TnT: cardiac troponin; CRP: C-reactive protein; CVI: cerebrovascular insult; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; EuroScore II: updated system for calculation the risk of death in heart surgery; h: hour; Hb: haemoglobin; IE: infective endocarditis; Liver cirrhosis: cirrhosis of any stage according to Child-Pugh classification; LV-EF: left ventricular ejection fraction determined by echocardiography; NYHA: New York Heart Association Classification; oral anticoagulant therapy: Vitamin K antagonists or new oral anticoagulants; pAOD: peripheral arterial obstructive disease; preop.: preoperatively; RRT: renal replacement therapy; inotropes: (nor-) +epinephrine + dobutamine; WBC: white blood cells.